| تعداد نشریات | 46 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,226 |
| تعداد مقالات | 10,524 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 20,822,492 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 14,189,003 |
تأملی فقهی و حقوقی در ضمانت اجراهای الزام متعهد و فسخ قرارداد در تعهدات مقید به مباشرت متعهد | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، بهار و تابستان 1404 (پیاپی 27)، شهریور 1404، صفحه 29-48 اصل مقاله (1.88 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.71315.3267 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی سجادی کیا1؛ سید محمد مهدی قبولی درافشان* 2؛ عبدالله خدابخشی شلمزاری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران، پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه قوه قضاییه. | ||
| 2استاد تمام، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیتوجهی به طراحی و بهکارگیری ضمانت اجرای مناسب در قراردادها میتواند فرآیند اجرای تعهدات را با چالشهای جدی مواجه سازد و اهداف قرارداد را ناکام گذارد. در این میان، «جریمه اجبار» بهعنوان یکی از ابزارهای الزام غیرمستقیم متعهد، علیرغم پیشینه و کارکرد آن در نظامهای حقوقی مختلف، در ادبیات حقوقی ایران کمتر مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته و در مرحله اجرا نیز جایگاهی نهادینه نیافته است. این نهاد که برخی آن را حتی مقدم بر فسخ قرارداد و مؤید اصل لزوم قراردادها میدانند، در فقه امامیه نیز با اتکا به قواعدی نظیر قاعده تعزیر، قاعده لا ضرر و اصل لزوم، قابل تبیین و اعمال است. پژوهش حاضر با روشی توصیفی-تحلیلی و بر پایه منابع کتابخانهای، به مطالعه تطبیقی مفهوم و مبانی جریمه اجبار در فقه امامیه و نظامهای حقوقی منتخب میپردازد و با نقد تلقی رایج از تقدم فسخ بر الزام، بر آن است تا نسبت میان جریمه اجبار و فسخ قرارداد را بهمثابه دو ضمانت اجرای همعرض و مستقل تحلیل نماید. یافتههای تحقیق بیانگر آن است که میتوان با اتکا بر مبانی فقهی و اصول کلی حقوقی، جریمه اجبار را نه در رتبهای فروتر از فسخ، بلکه بهعنوان نهادی مستقل و مکمل برای تضمین اجرای تعهدات قراردادی بازشناخت. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تعهدات قائم به شخص؛ جریمه اجبار؛ فسخ قرارداد؛ مباشرت متعهد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of Enforcement and Termination Remedies in Personal Service Obligations | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahdi Sajadikia1؛ Sayyed Mohammad Mahdi Ghabooli Dorafshan2؛ Abdollah Khodabakhshi Shalamzari3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran, Researcher of Judiciary Research Institute. | ||
| 2Full Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Obligations requiring the personal performance of the obligor, due to their inherently unique and specific mode of execution, necessitate distinct remedies that must be applied in accordance with the legislator’s intent and the principles of law and Islamic jurisprudence. Given the emphasis in Iranian law and judicial practice on specific performance, all forms of enforcement must be considered, not merely direct and physical enforcement. The coercive fine, derived from the explicit language of the Note to Article 47 of the Law on Enforcement of Civil Judgments and grounded in jurisprudential principles such as taʿzīr, constitutes a form of enforceability applicable to such obligations. This study, conducted using a library-based and descriptive-analytical approach, explores the nature of personal obligations and, considering the jurisprudential and legal debate over vertical and horizontal remedies (specific performance and termination), evaluates the appropriate remedies and their application. While Iranian law favors a vertical structure of remedies, the obligee may still be granted the option to choose between specific performance and termination, even where indirect enforcement such as a coercive fine is applicable. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Personal Obligations, Personal Performance by the Obligor, Penalty for Coercion, Rescission of Contract | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadi, Hossein Ali (1375). Implementation of contractual obligations. Tehran: Barhamand Publishing House. (in Persain) Ansari, Sheikh Morteza (1411). Kitab al-Makasab, (I-al-Qadima). Qom: Dar al-Zhakhar's charters. (in Arabic) Anuri, Hassan (2012), a compact dictionary of speech. Tehran: Sokhon Publications. (in Arabic) Dagan, H., & Heller, M. (2023). Specific performance: On freedom and commitment in contract law. Notre Dame Law Review, 98(3), 1323. https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol98/iss3/6 Darabpur, Mehrab; Darabpour, Mohammad Reza (2014). Contract rights. Tehran: Jungle and Eternal. (in Persain) Eads, L. S. (1990). Separating crime from punishment: The constitutional implications of United States v. Halper. Washington University Law Quarterly, 68(4), 929–964. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol68/iss4/6 Emami, Seyyed Hassan (1375). Civil Rights. 16th edition, Tehran: Islamia. (in Persain) Fasihizadeh, Alireza; Taheri, Ahad (1401). "Analysis of guaranty of personal performance in Iranian law, jurisprudence and principles of international commercial contracts". Comparative Research Quarterly of Islamic and Western Laws, ninth year, number 4, pp. 211-238. (in Persain) Fazel Abhi, Hassan bin Abi Talib (1417). The discovery of symbols in the brief description of al-Naf. Qom: Islamic Publications affiliated with the Qom Seminary Society of Teachers (in Arabic). Fink, M. (1978). Basic issues in civil contempt. New Mexico Law Review, 8(1), 55–72. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmlr/vol8/iss1/4 Haeri Shah Bagh, Seyyed Ali (1376). Description of civil rights. Tehran: Ganj Danesh. (in Persain) Halabi, Abu Salah (1403). Sufficient in jurisprudence. Isfahan: Imam Amir al-Mu'minin School, peace be upon him. (in Arabic) Hali, Ibn Idris (1410). Al-Saraer al-Hawi for Tahrir al-Fatawi. Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Institution of Jama'ah al-Madrasin. (in Arabic) Hali, Abu al-Qasim Jafar bin Hasan (1409). Islamic law Tehran: Esteghlal Publications. (in Arabic) Hallebeek, J. (2010). Direct Enforcement of Obligations to Do. Two Local Manifestations of the Ius Commune. In M. Gubbels, & C. J. H. Jansen (Eds.), Regio. Rechtshistorische opstellen aangeboden aan dr. P.P.J.L. van Peteghem (pp. 33-44). GNI. Hassanzadeh, Mansoura (1401). French Civil Code; The rights of contracts, obligations and proofs of litigation. Tehran: Publishing Company. (in Persain) Hosseini, Seyyed Mir Abdul Fattah (1417). Al-Awin al-Fiqhiyyah. Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Institute of Jama'ah Hosseini Rouhani, Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh (1420). Al-Murtaqi to al-Fiqh Al-Arqi- Kitab al-Alkhiri. Tehran: Al-Jalil Cultural Research Institute (Dar Al-Jali). (in Arabic) Hosseini Rouhani, Seyyed Mohammad (1420). Al-Murtaqi to al-Fiqh al-Arqi. Tehran, Dar Al Jali. (in Arabic) Isfahani, Mohammad Hossein (1418). Margin of Kitab al-Makasab, (T-al-Hadith). Qom: Anwar al-Hada. (in Arabic) Izanloo, Mohsen, Shahin, Abolfazl (2019). Civil Penalty; A Study in Comparative Law and International Trade Law. Perspectives on Judicial Law, Volume 25, Issue 92, Pages 61-85. Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar (1378). Obligations rights. Tehran: Ganj Danesh. (in Persain) Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jaafar (2013). Legal terminology. Tehran: Ganj Danesh. (in Persain) Katouzian, Nasser (1374). General theory of obligations. Tehran: Yalda Publishing House. (in Persain) Katouzian, Nasser (2019). Civil law course, general rules of contracts, contract execution. Tehran: Ganj Danesh. (in Persain) Katouzian, Nasser (2018). Civil rights, general rules of contracts. Tehran: Sohami Publishing. (in Persain) Karkhiran, Mohammad Hossein (2018). The most complete collection of the Law on the Execution of Civil Sentences. Tehran: Ariyadad. (in Persain) Karki, Ali bin Abd al-Ali (1414). Jame Al-Maqasid Qom: Al-Bayt Institute, peace be upon them, for heritage. (in Arabic) Khairy Jabr, Ali; ghabooli of Darafshan, Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi and Ansari, Khodabakhshi, Abdullah (2018). The fundamental distinction between civil rights and criminal rights. Tehran, Institute of Law Studies and Research, Shahadanesh (in Persain). Khoi (martyr), Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Mousavi (1414). Dependent conditions or obligations in contracts. Beirut, Dar al-Mu'rokh al-Arabi. (in Arabic) Khoini, Ghafoor (1401). Philosophy of Law. Tehran: Majd Publications. (in Persain) Krawiec, K. D., & Oman, N. B. (2025). The case for specific performance of personal service contracts. William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs Labbay, A. (2021). L’astreinte, un nouveau mode de financement au service de l’environnement? (CE, Ass., 10 juillet 2020, Association Les amis de la Terre France, nº 428409). Cahiers de la recherche sur les droits fondamentaux, 19. Landrove, J. C., & Greuter, J. J. (2008). L’astreinte: une mesure injustement boudée par le Projet de Code de procédure civile? Revue de droit suisse (RDS / ZSR), 127(I), 271-305. Mohagheq Damad, Seyyed Mustafa (1374). The rules of jurisprudence in the civil section (section 2). Tehran: Side. (in Persain) Mohaghegh Damad, Sayyed Mostafi Mohaghegh Damad, Sayyed Mostafi (1406). Jurisprudence rules. Tehran: Islamic Sciences Publishing Center. (in Persain) Mohajeri, Ali (1381). Enforcement of civil orders. Tehran: Fakhr Sazan Publications. (in Persain) Mohajeri, Ali (1386). Expanded in civil procedure. Tehran: Fakrsazan Publishing House. (in Persain) Mohed, Mohammad Ali (2018). Summary of civil rights. Tehran: Esharkarnameh. (in Persain) Mousavi Bojanvardi, Seyed Hasan (1377). Jurisprudence rules. Qom: Al-Hadi Publishing House. (in Persain) Najafi, Mohammad Hassan (2014). Jawaharlal Kalam Tehran: Darul Kitab al-Islamiya. (in Arabic) Nafisi (Nazem al-Atba), Ali Akbar (1355). Exquisite culture. Tehran: Khayyam Bookstore Publications. (in Persain) Nahrini, Fereydoun (2014). The nature and effects of contract termination in Iranian law. Ganj Danesh, Tehran. (in Persain) Naini, Mohammad Hassan (1358). Mania Talib; Sheikh Musa Najafi Khansari. Najaf: Mortazavieh Press. (in Arabic) Naraghi, Ahmad bin Mahdi (1375). avaed alayam fi bian ghavaed alahkam. Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary. (in Arabic) Pucciariello, P., & Fanelli, G. (2011). Capitolo II. L’esperienza straniera dell’esecuzione forzata indiretta. In B. Capponi (Ed.), L’esecuzione processuale indiretta (pp. 43–). IPSOA. Pakbaz, Siamak (1400). Description of French civil law. Tehran, Mizan Publications. (in Persain) Riahi, Ali Asghar, Sadeghi, Mahmoud and Parsapour, Mohammad Bagher (2017). "Precedence of the obligation to fulfill the obligation over termination and judicial procedure". Journal of Private Law, Volume 15, Number 2, Pp. 241-259. (in Persain) Safai, Seyyed Hossein (2004). Introductory course of civil law, general rules of contracts. Third edition, Tehran: Mizan Publishing. (in Persain) Safai, Seyyed Hossein; Elfat, Nematullah (1389). "Compulsory execution of the same obligation and its precedence over the right to terminate the contract". Mofid bi-quarterly, number seventy-nine, number 18, pp 43-62. (in Persain) Senhori Abdul Razzaq (1998). Al-Wasit, al-Halabi charters of jurisprudence. Beirut: Bina. (in Arabic) Seyed Yazdi, Mohammad Kazem (Beta). Arwa al-Waghti Beirut: Al-Alami Press Institute. (in Arabic) Shams, Abdullah (1386). Civil procedure (advanced course). Tehran: Drak (in Persain). Shahidi, Mehdi (2006). Civil rights: effects of contracts and obligations. Tehran: Majd (in Persain). Shiravi, Abdul Hossein (2016). contract rights; Consolidation, effects and dissolution. Tehran: Side. (in Persain) Shiravi, Abdul Hossein (1400). Rights of contracts. Tehran: Side. (in Persain) Simai Saraf, Hossein; Abu Ata, Mohammad and Barmanzen, Fatemeh (2017). "Methods of requiring the objective implementation of the obligation". Fiqh and Islamic Law Studies, 10th year, number 18, pp. 203-230. (in Persain) Tabatabai, Seyyed Ali (1368). Al-Sharh al-Saghir in the brief description of al-Nafi. Qom: Publications of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Public Library. (in Arabic) Tabatabai Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem (1370). hashyat elamkasb. Qom: Ismailian Institute. (in Arabic) Tabrizi, Mirza Javad bin Ali (Beita). New polls (Tabrizi). Qom: Server. (in Arabic) Tousi, Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Hasan (1387). Al-Mabusut in Imami Yousefi, Ahmad Ali (2004). “Discovery and Implementation of Sharia in Social Relations.” Qabasat Quarterly, Volume 9, Issue 32, Pages 147-182. (in Persain) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 139 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 10 |
||