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تعهدات حقوق بشری دولتها در مبارزه با کلیشهها و کلیشهسازیهای جنسیتی مرتبط با زنان توانخواه | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، بهار و تابستان 1404 (پیاپی 27)، شهریور 1404، صفحه 81-102 اصل مقاله (2.22 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.72882.3306 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرنگیس منصوری* 1؛ آناهیتا سیفی2 | ||
| 1استادیار حقوق بین الملل، گروه حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار حقوق بینالملل، گروه مطالعات زنان، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در اکثر موارد زنان توانخواه، به واسطه زن بودن و داشتن معلولیت، موضوع تبعیض مضاعف بوده و در مقابل انواع خشونت و بیعدالتی، نسبت به دیگران آسیبپذیر هستند. در این میان کلیشهها و کلیشهسازی-های جنسیتی مضر و نادرست یکی از عوامل مؤثر نقض فراگیر حقوق بشر زنان؛ بهویژه زنان توانخواه است. فعالیتهای پژوهشی اندکی در رابطه با تأثیرات مضر کلیشهها و کلیشهسازیهای جنسیتی بر حقوق زنان توانخواه و تعهدات حقوق بشری دولتها در مبارزه با آن مطرح شده است. هدف این مقاله شناسایی و ترسیم تعهدات بینالمللی حقوق بشری دولتها در راستای مبارزه با کلیشههای جنسیتی مرتبط با زنان توانخواه است. به همین دلیل مقاله حاضر به روش توصیفی تحلیلی با مطالعه و تجزیه و تحلیل اسناد حقوق بشر سازمان ملل متحد به بررسی این تعهدات میپردازد. این اسناد بهویژه شامل دو معاهده بینالمللی حقوق بشر مرتبط با موضوع مقاله (کنوانسیون حقوق افراد توانخواه و کنوانسیون رفع کلیه اشکال تبعیض علیه زنان) و گزارش کمیتههای مربوطه است. بر این اساس سؤال اصلی مقاله این است که دولتها چه تعهداتی در برخورد با کلیشههای جنسیتی مضر مرتبط با زنان توانخواه بر عهده دارند؟ به طور کلی دولتها طبق هر دو کنوانسیون، مسئولیت آموزش، آگاهیبخشی، اصلاح و تغییر قوانین تبعیضآمیز و کلیشهساز، حذف کلیشهها، تعصبات و اقدامات مضر علیه زنان توانخواه را بر عهده دارند. علاوه براین، بسیاری از نهادهای معاهده حقوق بشر بر این باورند که اصل برابری؛ عدم تبعیض و در پرتو آنها، سایر حقوق و آزادیها حاوی تعهد ضمنی دولتها جهت رسیدگی به کلیشهها و کلیشهسازیهای مضر است. بنابراین، در چارچوب حقوق بشر بینالمللی کلیشهها و کلیشهسازیهایی که بر حقوق بشر به رسمیت شناختهشده برای زنان توانخواه، تأثیر منفی و مضر میگذارد، منع میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| حقوق بشر؛ زنان توانخواه؛ کلیشههای جنسیتی؛ کنوانسیون رفع همه اشکال تبعیض علیه زنان؛ کنوانسیون حمایت از افراد توانخواه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| States' Human Rights Obligations in Dealing with Stereotypes and Gender Stereotyping Related to Disabled Women | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farangis Mansoori1؛ Anahita Seifi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of International Law, Department of Law and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor of International Law, Department of Women's Studies, Allameh Tabatabae’i University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In most cases, disabled women are subject to double discrimination due to being women and having disabilities, and are more vulnerable to all kinds of violence and injustice than others. In this regard, harmful and incorrect gender stereotypes and stereotyping are one of the effective factors in the pervasive violation of women's human rights, especially women with disabilities. Few research activities related to the harmful effects of gender stereotypes and how gender stereotypes harm women with disabilities and the obligations of governments in combating it have been raised. The purpose of this article is to identify and tracing the international human rights obligations of governments in order to combat gender stereotypes related to disabled women. For this reason, the article examines these obligations in a descriptive and analytical way by studying and analyzing the human rights documents of the United Nations. These documents especially include two international human rights treaties related to the subject of the article (the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) and the reports of the relevant committees. Based on this, the main question of the article is, what obligations do governments have in dealing with harmful gender stereotypes related to disabled women? In general, according to both conventions, governments are responsible for educating, raising awareness, amending and changing discriminatory and stereotyping laws, removing stereotypes, prejudices and harmful actions against disabled women. In addition, many human rights treaty bodies believe that the Principle of equality; Non-discrimination and in light of them, other rights and freedoms contain the implicit commitment of governments; It is to deal with harmful stereotypes and stereotyping. Therefore, in the framework of international human rights, stereotypes and stereotyping that have a negative and harmful effect on the recognized human rights of disabled women are prohibited. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Human Rights, Disabled Women, Gender Stereotypes, Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Convention on Protection of Disabled People | ||
| مراجع | ||
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