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مسئولیت مدنی والدین در قبال طفل نامشروع حاصل از رابطه خارج از نکاح در حقوق ایران و فرانسه | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، بهار و تابستان 1404 (پیاپی 27)، شهریور 1404، صفحه 119-132 اصل مقاله (1.74 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.73232.3326 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محسن جلیلیان1؛ محمدمهدی مشگان* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ولد طبیعی به فردی اطلاق میشود که از رابطهای غیرمشروع و غیرقانونی به وجود آمده باشد. در صورتی که والدین وی آگاه به حرمت چنین عملی باشند، این فرد از نظر شرعی و قانونی به آنها منسوب نمیشود. نه تنها در حقوق اسلامی، بلکه در بسیاری از نظامهای حقوقی دیگر، از جمله نظام حقوقی فرانسه، نسب مشروع برای چنین افرادی منتفی دانسته شده است. با این حال، در هیچیک از این نظامها، حقوق ویژه این افراد به صورت دقیق و جامع مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. این در حالی است که غالباً این افراد قربانی اعمال ناپسند و جرائمی هستند که هیچ نقشی در ارتکاب آنها نداشتهاند. بنابراین، محرومیت این افراد از برخی حقوق یا امتیازات، مغایر با اصول عدالت و انصاف به نظر میرسد. در این مقاله، تلاش داریم امکان مطالبه خسارت از سوی افراد یادشده را از والدین عرفی آنها در نظام حقوقی ایران و فرانسه بررسی کرده و به این پرسش پاسخ دهیم که چگونه میتوان زیانهای مادی و معنوی واردشده از جانب والدین به این اشخاص را جبران کرد. به نظر میرسد بر اساس قواعد تسبیب و اصول عام و خاص مسئولیت مدنی، میتوان چنین خسارتهایی را از والدین عرفی مطالبه کرد. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی و به روش کتابخانهای انجام گرفته و قوانین هر دو کشور ایران و فرانسه را مورد مطالعه قرار داده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ارث؛ رابطه خارج از نکاح؛ مسئولیت مدنی؛ نفقه؛ ولد طبیعی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Civil Liability of Parents for an Illegitimate Child Resulting from an Extramarital Relationship in Iranian and French Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohsen Jalilian1؛ Mohammadmahdi Meshgan2 | ||
| 1Assistant Prof. Department of Law, Islamic Azad University University of Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Master's degree student in private law, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A natural child is a person who is born from an illegitimate and illegal relationship. If his parents are aware of the sanctity of such an act, this person is not attributed to them from a religious and legal perspective. Not only in Islamic law, but also in many other legal systems, including the French legal system, legitimate lineage has been ruled out for such individuals. However, in none of these systems have the special rights of these individuals been examined in a detailed and comprehensive manner. This is despite the fact that these individuals are often victims of undesirable acts and crimes that they had no role in committing. Therefore, depriving these individuals of certain rights or privileges seems contrary to the principles of justice and fairness. In this article, we attempt to examine the possibility of claiming damages from their customary parents in the legal systems of Iran and France and to answer the question of how the material and moral losses caused to these individuals by their parents can be compensated. It seems that based on the rules of attribution and the general and specific principles of civil liability, such damages can be claimed from customary parents. The present study was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and a library method and studied the laws of both Iran and France. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Alimony, Civil Liability, Extramarital Relationship, Inheritance, Natural Birth | ||
| مراجع | ||
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