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تقدم و تأخر زمانی استفاده از اصول غیرلفظی در تفسیر قانون و قرارداد در نظام حقوقی ایران | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، بهار و تابستان 1404 (پیاپی 27)، شهریور 1404، صفحه 133-146 اصل مقاله (1.68 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.74697.3384 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| آرمان زینلی1؛ محمد جعفری فشارکی* 2؛ مریم قربانی فر2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در تحریرات حقوقی و فقهی به اصول لفظی که برای تفسیر قانون و قرارداد به کار گرفته میشود، مفصلاً پرداخته شده است. از طرف دیگر، اگر مفسر ناتوان از کشف اراده واقعی باشد، اراده فرضی مقنن یا طرفین قراردادی مطرح و اصول عملیه مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد، اما فی مابین اصول لفظیه و اصول عملیه، اصول غیرلفظی در تفسیر مطرح میشود که در نوشتههای حقوقی جایگاه آنها به نحو دقیق، مشخص نیست؛ یعنی مفسر نمیداند از نظر زمانی بهکارگیری کدام یک از این اصول غیر لفظی در اولویت است و آخرین اصل غیر لفظی که میتوان قبل از ورود به مبحث اصول عملیه از آن بهره برد، چیست. با تحقیق و بررسی دقیق اصول غیر لفظی در تفسیر قانون و قرارداد، نگارندگان تحقیق به شیوه تحلیلی- توصیفی به این مهم دست یافتند که در نظام حقوقی ایران بهکارگیری اصول غیر لفظی در تفسیر از نظر زمانی جایگاه مشخصی دارد و به ترتیب اصل یکپارچگی، اصل توجه به رویه عملی و در نهایت اصل محاط بودن در عرف، اصولی هستند که مفسر را در رسیدن به اراده واقعی مقنن و طرفین قراردادی یاری رسانده و با شناخت محل بهکارگیری این اصول و رعایت تقدم و تأخر زمانی استفاده از آنها در تفسیر، میتوان از تشتت آرا و نظرات به نحو چشمگیری جلوگیری کرد؛ زیرا بیشترین اختلافات ایجادشده در تفسیرها، در زمان استفاده از اصول غیر لفظی است و در بهکارگیری اصول لفظی و اصول عملیه اختلاف قابل ملاحظهای میان مفسران نیست. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اصول؛ تفسیر قانون؛ تفسیر قرارداد؛ اراده و قصد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Priority and Delay of Using non literal Principles in Interpreting Laws and Contracts in the Iranian Legal System | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Arman Zeinali1؛ Mohammad Jaferi Fesharaki2؛ Maryam Ghorbanifar2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Private Law, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In legal and jurisprudential writings , the verbal principles used to interpret laws and contracts have been discussed in detail, on the other hand when the interpreter or judge is incapable of discovering the real will, the hypothetical will of the legislator or the contracting parties is put forward and practical principles are used, but between verbal principles and practical principles, there are principles that are known as non-literal principles, and in legal writings, the position of these principles in interpretation is not clearly defined. Meaning, the interpreter does not know which of these non-literal principles has time priority, which one is later than the other, and what is the last non-literal principle that can be used before entering practical principles, by researching and carefully examining nonliteral principles in the interpretation of law and contract, the authors of the study, using an analytical-descriptive method,reached the conclusion that in the Iranian legal system, the use of non-literal principles in Interpretation has a specific place in terms of time and, the principle of integrity, the principle of attention to practical procedure and ultimately the principle of customaryism respectively are principles that help the interpreter to achieve the real will of the legislature and the contracting parties and by recognizing the position of these principles and observing the precedence and backwardness of their use in interpretation, it is possible to significantly prevent the divergence of opinions and views, because most of the differences created in interpretations are in the time of using non-literal principles, and there is not much difference between interpreters in the application of verbal principles and practical principles. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Principles, Interpretation of Law, Interpretation of Contract, Will and Intent | ||
| مراجع | ||
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