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بررسی آثار حقوقی ابراز اراده مجازی در ثبت الکترونیکی اسناد رسمی در حقوق ایران | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، بهار و تابستان 1404 (پیاپی 27)، شهریور 1404، صفحه 147-176 اصل مقاله (2.03 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.74942.3393 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجیدرضا عرب احمدی* 1؛ علی اکبر نجفی2 | ||
| 1۱_گروه علمی حقوق،واحداراک،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،اراک،ایران ۲_گروه علمی حقوق،واحدفراهان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،فراهان،ایران | ||
| 2گروه علمی حقوق، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقاله حاضر با روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی آثار حقوقی ابراز اراده مجازی در ثبت الکترونیکی اسناد رسمی در نظام حقوقی ایران میپردازد. حقوق دنبالهرو تحولات اجتماعی است و غایت وجودی آن قانونمند ساختن روابط ناشی از آن میباشد. همگام با پیشرفت جامعه بشری در سالهای اخیر در عرصه ارتباطات مفاهیمی به اسم امضای الکترونیک و سند رسمی الکترونیکی شکل گرفت که مدل ارائه خدمات عمومی را متحول ساخته و تحولات فناوریهای اطلاعاتی و ارتباطی، نظام سنتی ثبت اسناد رسمی را دگرگون و زمینهساز گسترش ثبت الکترونیکی اسناد در ایران شده است. ابراز اراده مجازی بهعنوان اعلام قصد طرفین از طریق ابزارهایی مانند سامانههای اینترنتی یا امضای دیجیتال، نقش مهمی در روند ثبت یافته است. این تحول، ضمن تسهیل فرایند ثبت اسناد، چالشهای حقوقی متعددی را ایجاد کرده است؛ از جمله اعتبار اراده ابرازشده در بستر مجازی، قابلیت انتساب آن به اشخاص حقیقی یا حقوقی و میزان حجیت آن نزد اشخاص ثالث و مراجع رسمی. هرچند قانون تجارت الکترونیکی و برخی آییننامهها گامهایی در جهت پذیرش این تحول برداشتهاند، اما ضعفهایی در زمینه احراز هویت، امنیت اطلاعات و اعتبار امضای دیجیتال همچنان باقی است. برای پذیرش کامل ابراز اراده مجازی، اصلاح مقررات، تقویت زیرساختهای فنی و ایجاد سازوکارهای نظارتی ضروری است. در پایان، مقاله راهکارهایی برای تقویت اعتبار و پذیرش رسمی اراده مجازی در نظام ثبت اسناد ارائه میدهد و نشان میدهد که با بهکارگیری فناوریهایی مانند امضای دیجیتال مطمئن و احراز هویت برخط، امکان تحقق ثبت الکترونیکی معتبر فراهم میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اراده مجازی؛ ثبت الکترونیکی؛ دفاتر اسناد رسمی؛ امضای دیجیتال؛ قراردادهای الکترونیکی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Studying the Legal Effects of Virtual Expression of Will in Electronic Registration of Official Documents in Iranian Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majidreza Arabahmadi1؛ Aliakbar Najafi2 | ||
| 1Department of law،Ar.C،Islamic Azad university،Arak،Iran 2_Department of law،Far.C،Islamic Azad university،Farahan،Iran | ||
| 2Department of Law, Ar. C. Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This article adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the legal effects of virtual expression of will in the electronic registration of official documents within the Iranian legal system. As law is inherently responsive to social and technological changes, recent advancements in information and communication technologies have introduced new legal concepts such as electronic signatures and electronic official documents. These innovations have significantly transformed the traditional model of public service delivery, particularly affecting the conventional system of document registration and paving the way for its electronic expansion in Iran.Virtual expression of will understood as the declaration of intent through digital tools like online platforms, electronic forms, and secure digital signatures has gained increasing legal relevance. While this development offers efficiency and accessibility, it also presents several legal challenges. These include the authenticity and legal validity of virtual declarations, the attribution of such expressions to natural or legal persons, and their admissibility before third parties and official authorities. Although the Electronic Commerce Act and certain Iranian regulations have recognized aspects of this transformation, important gaps remain. Key issues such as identity verification, data security, and the reliability of digital signatures still need to be resolved. The article concludes by recommending legal and technical reforms, including the strengthening of legislative frameworks, development of infrastructure, and establishment of oversight mechanisms. It argues that reliable electronic document registration can be achieved through secure digital signature technologies and real-time identity verification systems, ensuring legal trust and efficiency in modern document processes. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Virtual Expression of Intent, Electronic Registration, Pfficial Documents, Digital Signature, Electronic Contracts | ||
| مراجع | ||
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