اصول حاکم بر اعتبار قراردادهای منعقدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی در حقوق ایران و انگلیس

Abu Dhari, Mehrnoush. (2022). Law and Artificial Intelligence. Tehran: Mizan (in persian).

Abuzari, Mehrnoush. (2022). Law and Artificial Intelligence. Tehran: Mizan (in persian).

Al-Dhabhawi, Nabil Mahdi; Mahmoudi, Amir Reza and Bahr Kazemi, Maryam. (2025). “Comparative analysis of the legal status of artificial intelligence in the conclusion of contracts in Iranian and Turkish law”. Comparative Studies in the Law of Islamic Countries, 3(1): 25 45. doi: 10.22034/lcs.2025.2047217.1064 (in persian).

Al-Dhabhawi, Nabil Mehdi; Mahmoudi, Amir Reza and Bahr Kazemi, Maryam. (2025). “A comparative analysis of the legal status of artificial intelligence in the conclusion of contracts in Iranian and Turkish law”. Comparative Studies of Islamic Countries Law, 3(1): 25-45. doi: 10.22034/lcs.2025.2047217.1064 (in persian).

Ansari, Morteza. (2015). Al-Makasib. Qom: Dehaqani Publications (in persian).

Antonov, A. A. (2020). “Artificial Intelligence as a Source of Increased Danger”. Yurist, 7, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2020-7-69-74.

Arzani, Nima. (2025). “Challenges of Electronic Transactions and Strategies for Legitimizing It from the Perspective of Imamiyyah Jurisprudence”. Cultural Jurisprudence and Law Studies, 1(1): 101 127 (in persian).

Bahrani, Yusuf bin Ahmad bin Ibrahim. (1994). Al-Hadaq Al-Nadhra Fi Ahkam Al-Atra Al-Tahirah. Qom: Islamic Publications Affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers’ Association (in persian).

Bahrani, Yusuf bin Ahmad bin Ibrahim. (1985). Nurturing gardens in the provisions of the pure. Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom (in Arabic).

Barfield, W. (2018). “Liability for Autonomous and Artificially Intelligent Robots. Paladyn”. Journal of Behavioral Robotics, 9.

Beck, S. (2016). “The Problem of Ascribing Legal Responsibility in the Case of Robotics”. AI & Society Journal, 31(4), 473-481.

Cartwright, John. (2012). Misrepresentation, Mistake and Non-Disclosure. 3rd edn OUP.

Casters, Bart. (2022). Law and Artificial Intelligence; Regulating AI and Applying AI in Legal Practice. springer.

Chen-Wishart, Mindy. (2009). Consideration and Serious Intention. SJLS.

Chesterman, S. (2020). “Artificial intelligence and the limits of legal personality”. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 69(4), 819–844. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020589320000366.

Chopra, Samir & Laurence F. White. (2011). A Legal Theory for Autonomous Artificial Agents. The University of Michigan Press.

Dehghani Tafti, Mojtaba; Afzali Mehr, Marzieh and Skini, Rabia. (2014). “A comparative study of the legal requirements for designing digital smart contracts in Iranian and French law”. Comparative Law Research Journal, 6(2): 29-51 (in persian).

Dehghani Tafti, Mojtabi; Afzali Mehr, Marzieh and Skini, Rabia. (2022). “A comparative study of legal requirements for the design of digital smart contracts in Iranian and French law”. Comparative Law Research Journal, 6 (2): 29-51 (in persian).

Delvaux, M. (2016). Draft Report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics. European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs Report 2015/2103 (INL). European Parliament, Resolution on Civil Law Rules on Robotics, P8_TA (2017) 0051:16February2017.

Dennett, Daniel. (2013). Intuition Pumps. WW Norton & Company.

Ebers, Martin; Poncibo, Cristina & Zou, Mimi. (2022). Contracting and Contract Law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Ebrahimi, Alireza. (2023). “Application of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Matters: Opportunities and Challenges”. Law Studies, 35 (2): 23-34 (in persian).

Ebrahimi, Alireza. (2024). “Application of Artificial Intelligence in Legal Matters: Opportunities and Challenges”. Law Studies, 35 (2): 34 23 (in persian).

Furmston, M. (2012). Cheshire, Fifoot & Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford University Press.

Gharavi Na'ini, Mirza Mohammad Hossein. (2016). Minyeh al-Talib fi Hasheesh al-Makasib. Tehran: Al-Muktabah al-Mohammadiyah (in persian).

Gharvi Naini, Mirza Mohammad Hossein. (1994). The students are in the margins of the acquisition. Tehran: Al-Muktabah Al-Muhammadiyah (in Arabic).

Gillespie, Tarleton. (2014). The Relevance of Algorithms’ in Tarleton Gillespie, Pablo J Boczkowski. Kirsten A Foot (eds) Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, MIT Press.

Habibzadeh, Taher. (2015). “The legal status of electronic representatives in concluding electronic contracts (a comparative study)”. Quarterly Journal of Private Law Research, Year 2, No. 5 (in persian).

Hallevy, G. (2013). When Robots Kill: Artificial Intelligence under Criminal Law. University Press of New England.

Helli Mohaqeq, Najm al-Din Jafar ibn Hassan. (1988). Sharia al-Islam in Matters of Halal and Haram. Qom: Ismaili Institute (in persian).

Hosseini, S. A.; Hashmizade Kahni, S. A. and Afzali Mehr, M. (2025). “Study on the theory of agency of artificial intelligence as a framework of civil responsibility; in Iran and U.S. legal system”. Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law, 9(27). doi: 10.22034/law.2025.2049352.1590 (in persian).

Hosseini, Seyed Amir Ali; Hashemizadeh Kohani, Seyed Ali Reza and Aqzali Mehr, Marzieh. (2025). “A Study of the Theory of Representation of Artificial Intelligence as a Framework for Civil Liability; in the Legal System of Iran and the United States”. Quarterly Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law, 9(27). doi: 10.22034/law.2025.2049352.1590 (in persian).

Isfahani, Hossein bin Mohammad Ragheb. (1992). Vocabulary of Quranic words. Lebanon_Syria, Dar al-Alam_aldar al-Shamiya (in Arabic).

Isfahani, Hussein bin Muhammad Raghib. (1990). Mufradat Alfaaz Al-Quran. Lebanon: Syria, Dar Al-Ilm Al-Dar Al-Shamiyah (in persian).

Jacob, Pierre. (2010). Intentionality. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://seop.illc.uva.nl/entries/intentionality/ accessed 1 October 2022.

Jones, Harriet; Sanitt, Adam & Hawkins, Jonathan. (2022). Smart legal contracts under English law. Contractual interpretation FinTech.

Jones, I. (2019). Legal statement on cryptoassets and smart contract the breakdown. Lexology, Collyer Bristow LLP.

JURI Committee. (July 2020). "Artificial Intelligence and Civil Liability". Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs Directorate-General for Internal Policies PE 621, 926.

Karaki, Ali ibn Hussein. (1998). Jame al-Maqassed fi Sharh al-Qawa’id. Beirut: Darahiya al-Turaht al-Arabi (in persian).

Karki, Ali bin Hossein. (1988). Jami al-Maqasad fi Sharh al-Qasas. Beirut: Darahiya al-Tarath al-Arabi (in persian).

Katouzian, Nasser. (2004). Civil Law in the Current Modern Order. Tehran: Mizan Publishing (in persian).

Katouzian, Nasser. (2004). General Rules of Contracts. Tehran: Publishing Company (in persian).

Katouzian, Nasser. (2005). Civil Law in the Current Modern Order. Tehran: Mizan Publishing House (in persian).

Kelley, R.; Schaerer, E. & Gomez, M. (2016). Liability in Robotics: An International Perspective on Robots as Animals. Nevada: University of Nevada.

Kenney, M. & Zysman, J. (2016). “The Rise of the Platform Economy”. Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3), 61–69.

Kevin, Werbach & Nicilas, Cornell. (2017). “Contracts Ex Machina”. Duke Law Journal, 67 download from social science research network.

Khademi Shormasti, Yasman. (2026). Feasibility Study of Criminal Liability and Punishment of Artificial Intelligence. University of Tehran, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences (in persian).

Khademi-Shormasti, Yasman. (2019). Feasibility study of criminal liability and punishment of artificial intelligence, University of Tehran, Faculty of Law and Political Science (in persian).

Laptev, V. A. (2019). “Artificial Intelligence and Liability for its Work, Pravo”. Zhurnal Vysshey Shkoly Ekonomiki, 2, 79–102. 

Littman, Michael et al. (2021). Gathering Strength, Gathering Storms: The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. Stanford University.

Maghamnia, Mohammad. (2012). “How to conclude electronic contracts and its characteristics”. Civil Law Knowledge, Volume 1, Issue 1: 85 - 98 (in persian).

Makarem Shirazi, Nasser. (2001). New Inquiries. Qom: Dar al-Fikr (in persian).

Marcus, Gary & Davis, Ernest. (2019). Rebooting AI, Building Artificial Intelligence we can Trust. Vintage.

Marcus, Gary. (2022). The Next Decade in AI: Four Steps towards Robust Artificial Intelligence. https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06177 accessed 30 October 2022.

Mccarthy, John. (2007). What Is Artificial Intelligence. Stanford University.

Meyer, Olaf. (2020). “Stopping the Unstoppable Termination and Unwinding of Smart Contracts”. Journal of European Consumer and Market Law.

Mike, Eliza. (2020). “The Resilience of Contract Law in Light of Technological Change’ in Michael Furmston (ed)”. The Future of Contract Law, Rutledge.

Mousavi Khoei, Abu al-Qasim. (2005). Misbah al-Faqaha fi al-Maamalat. Beirut” Dar al-Hadi (in persian).

Mousavikhoui, Abul-Qasim. (2001). Misbah al-Fiqah fi al-Ma’alat. Beirut: Dar al-Hadi (in persian).

Najafi, Mohammad Hassan. (1983). Jawaher al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara’ al-Islam. Qom: Al-Nashr al-Islami (in persian).

Najafi, Mohammed Ha. (1984). The jewel of speech in the explanation of Islamic law. Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute (in Arabic).

Nakhjavani, Ali and Yaqouti, Ibrahim. (1991). “Legal Status of Transactions Conducted by Artificial Intelligence: The Theory of Virtual Agent”. Economic and Commercial Law Research, 1(1): 41-68 (in persian).

Nakhjovani, Ali and Yaqouti, Ibrahim. (2022). “Legal Status of Transactions Made by Artificial Intelligence: Theory of Virtual Lawyer”. Economic and Commercial Law Research, 1(1): 41-68 (in persian).

Nazari, Hossein. (2018). A comparative study of the principle of validity of contracts in Iranian and English law. Thesis for receiving a master's degree, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch (in persian).

Nazari, Hossein. (2019). Comparative study of the principle of validity of contracts in Iranian and English law. Thesis for a master's degree, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch (in persian).

Obellianne, Stephan. (2009). Les sourcesdes obligations. Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille.

Peel, Edwin. (2020). Treitel: The Law of Contract. 15th Ed Sweet & Maxwell.

Perillo, Jospeh. (2000). The Origins of the Objective Theory of Contract Formation and Interpretation. 69 FLR.

Qanavati, Jalil; Shabbiri, Seyyed Hassan and Abdipour, Ebrahim. (2009). Contract Law in Imamiyyah Jurisprudence. Tehran: Samt (in persian).

Rabbani-Mousaviyan, Seyyed Ali. (2022). “Rules Governing Smart Contracts in Imami Jurisprudence and Statutory Law”. Researches on Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, 17 (66): 204 186 (in persian).

Rabbani-Moussovian, Seyyed Ali. (2020). “Rules Governing Smart Contracts in Imamiyyah Jurisprudence and Subject Laws”. Studies in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, 17 (66): 186-204 (in persian).

Raskin, Max. (2017). The law and legality of smart contracts. Gergetown Law Technology review.

Rezvanian, Siddiqa. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in the Intellectual Property System. Qom University, Faculty of Law (in persian).

Safaei, Sayyed Hassan. (2014). General Rules of Contracts. Vol. II. Tehran: Mizan Publishing (in Persian).

Safa'i, Seyyed Hassan. (2014). General Rules of Contracts. Tehran: Mizan (in persian).

Sartor, Giovanni. (2009). Cognitive Automata and the Law: Electronic Contracting and the Intentionality of Software Agents.

Savelyev, Alexander. (2017). “Contract Law 2.0: ‘Smart’ contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law”. Journal of Information & Communication Technology Law, 26.

Shafi'i Nasab, S. S.; Qorbani, M. A. & Rahman Setayesh, K. (2022). “Investigating the Concept and Nature of Electronic Contract in Imamiyyah Jurisprudence and Iranian law”. Religious Researches, 18(3), 711-731. doi: 10.22059/jorr.2021.315977.1009002 (in persian).

Shafi'i Nasab, Seyyedeh Siddiqeh; Ghorbani, Mohammad Ali and Rahman Setayesh, Mohammad Kazem. (2021). “Studying the Concept and Nature of Electronic Contract in Imamiyyah Jurisprudence and Iranian Law”. Quarterly Journal of Jurisprudential Research, 18(3), 711-731. doi: 10.22059/jorr.2021.315977.1009002 (in persian).

Shahidi, Seyyed Mahdi. (2014). Formation of Contracts and Obligations. Tehran: Mizan Publishing House (in persian).

Shahidi, Seyyed Mehdi. (2013). formation of contracts and obligations. Tehran: Mizan Publishing (in persian).

Sharafi, Pouran and Nasiran, Davud. (2021). “Comparative Study of Contract Interpretation Approach in the Legal Systems of Iran and England”. Islamic Law, 18 (69): 232 211 (in persian).

Sharfi, Pouran and Nasiran, Dawood. (2020). “A comparative study of the contract interpretation approach in the legal system of Iran and England”. Islamic Law, 18(69): 211-232 (in persian).

Teubner, Gunther. (2006). Rights of Non-humans? Electronic Agents and Animals as New Actors in Politics and Law. 33 JLS.

Waddams, Stephen. (2011). Principle and Policy in Contract Law: Competing or Complementary Concepts?. CUP 2011.