A Review of 3D-Printing Applications in Anatomy Education: Focus on Bony Structures and the Orbit | ||
| فناوری و دانش پژوهی در تعلیم و تربیت | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 February 2026 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.30473/t-edu.2026.74945.1291 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Roya Vatankhah* 1; Mohammad Eteza Razavi2; Bahar Tafaghodi Yousefi3; Ali Emadzadeh4; Sirous Nekooei5; Hossein KarimiMoonaghi6; Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan7 | ||
| 1Medical Sciences Education Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2Fellowship , Professor of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Fellowship in Oculoplastic & Strabismus, Khatam Eye Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Phd, Health Education, Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 5Professor, Department of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 6Phd, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, & Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 7Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background and Objective: Three-dimensional educational technologies play an important role in enhancing learning and deep anatomical understanding. This review aimed to explore the applications of 3D printing in teaching bony structures, with a particular focus on the orbit. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, SAGE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest with no time restrictions, using relevant keywords. After screening 170 articles, the most relevant studies were selected and analyzed. Findings: The reviewed literature indicates that 3D printing serves as an effective tool in medical education by improving anatomical comprehension, providing accurate visualization of bony structures, and facilitating teaching processes. The findings were categorized into four main themes: key features of 3D printing technology, educational applications of bony models, orbit-specific 3D models and diversity of educational and clinical applications. Conclusion: 3D printing holds significant value in medical education by offering realistic and tangible models that enhance structural understanding and support more precise preoperative planning. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Orbital Anatomy; 3D Printed Models; Medical Education | ||
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