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تقاص در امور غیر مالی | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، پاییز و زمستان 1404 (پیاپی 28)، اسفند 1404، صفحه 57-70 اصل مقاله (1.61 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.73294.3330 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهره صمدنیا1؛ فاطمه باستانی* 2 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد، فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، گروه حقوق، مؤسسه آموزش عالی کارون، اهواز، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در تعاملات اجتماعی، تضییع حقوق مالی و غیرمالی پدیدهای اجتنابناپذیر است و یکی از دغدغههای بنیادین نظامهای حقوقی، ارائه راهکارهایی کارآمد برای استیفای سریع حقوق بدون فرسایش در فرایندهای طولانی دادرسی است. با توجه به محدودیتهای دستگاه قضایی و عدم امکان ارجاع تمامی منازعات خرد و کلان به محاکم، نهاد تقاص به عنوان مکانیسمی برای احقاق حق شخصی اهمیت مییابد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تبیین مبانی فقهی و حقوقیِ مشروعیت تقاص در امور غیرمالی است. این مطالعه با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و بهرهگیری از منابع کتابخانهای، تلاش دارد تا خلأ پژوهشی موجود در این حوزه را مرتفع سازد. نوآوری تحقیق در تمرکز بر ابعاد مغفولماندۀ تقاص در ساحتهای غیرمالی از جمله تقاص در روابط زوجین، قصاص کلامی و اقدامات متقابل در حقوق بینالملل و تحلیل چالشهای قانونی آن در حقوق ایران نهفته است. یافتهها نشان میدهد که اگرچه نص قانونی صریحی در خصوص تقاص غیرمالی وجود ندارد، اما با استناد به اصل ۱۶۷ قانون اساسی و ادله معتبر فقهی، میتوان مشروعیت مشروط آن را اثبات نمود. نتایج بیانگر آن است که تقاص در این امور ماهیتاً حق است و نه تکلیف. از اینرو، احکام آن بسته به تنوع مصادیق متغیر بوده و حکمی واحد بر آن مترتب نیست. در نهایت، استنباط میشود که اگرچه فقه امامیه اصل تقاص را به استثنای ارتکاب محرمات و اختلال در نظم عمومی مجاز دانسته است، اما در منطق عالیه اسلام، فضیلت عفو و گذشت بر استیفای قهری حق اولویت داشته و بهعنوان راهکار برتر توصیه شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| امور غیر مالی؛ تقاص؛ حقوق مدنی؛ عفو و گذشت؛ فقه اسلامی؛ مقابله به مثل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Retaliation in Non-Financial Matters | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zohreh Samadnia1؛ Fatemeh Baastani2 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Department of Law, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Ph.D. in. Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Department of Law, Karun Institute of Higher Education, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| .In social interactions, the violation of rights is inevitable, necessitating efficient mechanisms for rapid redress without lengthy judicial proceedings. Given the limitations of the courts, the institution of Taqas (self-help) gains significance for the personal realization of rights. This research aims to elucidate the jurisprudential and legal foundations of Taqas in "non-financial matters." Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study addresses a research gap by focusing on neglected dimensions such as retaliation in spousal relations, verbal retaliation (Qisas-e Kalami), and international countermeasures, while analyzing challenges within Iranian law. Findings indicate that although no explicit statute exists for non-financial Taqas, its conditional legitimacy is substantiated by Article 167 of the Constitution and valid jurisprudential arguments. The results suggest that Taqas is inherently a "right," not a "duty," with rulings varying by context. Ultimately, while Imami jurisprudence permits Taqas (barring religious prohibitions and public disorder), Islamic logic prioritizes "pardon and forgiveness" over coercive vindication as the superior approach. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Civil Rights, Non-Financial Matters, Pardon and Forgiveness, Retribution, Retaliation | ||
| مراجع | ||
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