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تحلیل حقوقی مداخله دولت در برنامه ریزی خانواده: قانون جوانی جمعیت | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، پاییز و زمستان 1404 (پیاپی 28)، اسفند 1404، صفحه 115-132 اصل مقاله (1.46 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.75737.3413 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه مجد1؛ محمدصادق جمشیدی راد* 2؛ حیدر امیرپور2؛ قاسم جعفری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرزندآوری همواره از مسائل مهم اجتماعی و حقوقی بوده است، اما در گذشته بیشتر در حیطه حقوق خصوصی افراد قرار داشت. با گذشت زمان و تغییر ساختارهای جمعیتی، ضرورت مداخله دولت در سیاستگذاریهای مرتبط با خانواده و جمعیت آشکارتر شده است. سیاستهای جمعیتی در جوامع مختلف، متأثر از شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، دستخوش تغییرات متعددی بودهاند. ایران نیز در طول دهههای گذشته رویکردهای متفاوتی را تجربه کرده است؛ بهطوری که در سالهای نخست پس از انقلاب، سیاستهای تشویقی موجب افزایش چشمگیر نرخ زاد و ولد و بروز «انفجار جمعیت» شد، اما در دهههای بعد سیاستهای تحدیدی برای کنترل موالید در پیش گرفته شد. در سالهای اخیر، با توجه به بحران سالمندی و کاهش نرخ باروری، دولت با اتخاذ سیاستهای جدید تشویقی، بهویژه از طریق تصویب قانون حمایت از خانواده و جوانی جمعیت در ۲۴ آبان ۱۴۰۰، تلاش کرده است تا از طریق اعطای تسهیلات اقتصادی و اجتماعی، نرخ فرزندآوری را افزایش دهد. این مقاله با رویکرد تحلیلی - تطبیقی، پیامدهای کاهش جمعیت و اهمیت افزایش آن را بررسی کرده و ضمن مطالعه سیاستهای جمعیتی ایران در دورههای مختلف، به تحلیل حقوقی قانون اخیر میپردازد. یافتهها نشان میدهد که هرچند قانون جدید مشوقهای قابلتوجهی در حوزه اقتصادی و اجتماعی ارائه میدهد، اما برخی مقررات محدودکننده و چالشهای اجرایی، نگرانیهایی در زمینه حقوق خانواده، سلامت، سقط جنین و افزایش تولد کودکان دارای معلولیت ایجاد کرده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| حق تنظیم خانواده؛ رشد جمعیت؛ سالمندی جمعیت؛ سیاستهای تشویقی؛ مصالح عالیه کودک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Legal Analysis of Government Intervention in Family Planning: The Youth Population Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Majd1؛ Mohammadsadegh Jamshidirad2؛ Heydar Amirpour2؛ Ghasem Jafari3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student in Jurisprudence and the Basics of Islamic Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Jurisprudence and the Basics of Islamic Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Jurisprudence and the Basics of Islamic Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Childbearing has always been one of the significant social and legal issues; however, in the past, it was primarily considered a matter of private rights. Over time, with changes in demographic structures, the necessity of governmental intervention in family and population-related policymaking has become increasingly evident. Population policies in different societies have undergone various transformations influenced by economic, social, and cultural factors. Iran has also experienced diverse approaches over the past decades. In the early years following the Islamic Revolution, pro-natalist policies led to a sharp rise in birth rates, resulting in a “population explosion.” In the following decades, however, restrictive policies were adopted to control fertility rates. In recent years, facing the challenges of population aging and declining fertility, the Iranian government has shifted toward new incentive-based policies, particularly through the enactment of the Law on Family Protection and Youthful Population on November 15, 2021. This law seeks to encourage higher birth rates by offering financial and social incentives to families. Adopting an analytical-comparative approach, this article examines the consequences of declining population, the importance of increasing fertility rates, and the legal and Islamic jurisprudential foundations underlying Iran’s demographic policies. The findings indicate that, despite offering substantial economic and social incentives, the new law raises concerns due to certain restrictive regulations and implementation challenges, particularly regarding family autonomy, reproductive rights, public health, increased abortion rates, and the potential rise in births of children with disabilities. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Right to Family Planning, Population Growth, Population Aging, Incentive Policies, Best Interests of the Child | ||
| مراجع | ||
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