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بازخوانی ثبات و تغییر در احکام شرعی در پرتو مقام جعل، فعلیت و ابهام | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، پاییز و زمستان 1404 (پیاپی 28)، اسفند 1404، صفحه 159-174 اصل مقاله (1.94 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.74416.3382 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| اکرم عبدالله پور* | ||
| استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مسئلۀ ثبات و تغییر در احکام، یکی از گرههای معرفتی فقه معاصر است. هدف این پژوهش بازخوانی مسئله بر پایۀ تفکیک دو سطح «مقامِ جعل» و «مقامِ فعلیت» و تبیین نقش «ابهام مفهومی» در تلقیها و تعارضهای ظاهری است. پرسش اصلی این است که چگونه میتوان همزمان وفاداری به ثوابت شریعت را حفظ کرد و به تغییرات زمانمند و مکانمند پاسخ معتبر داد؟ روش پژوهش تحلیلی- مفهومی است. با واکاوی متون اصول فقه و فقهی و روایی و بهرهگیری از ادبیات فلسفۀ زبان دربارۀ ابهام، تفکیک این دو سطح روشن میشود. یافتهها نشان میدهد ثبات در مقامِ جعل با تغییر در مقامِ فعلیت ناسازگار نیست؛ زیرا فعلیت حکم تابع تحقق موضوع و قیود عرفی، زمانی–مکانی و عناوین عارضی است. بر این مبنا «الگوی دوسطحی» مقاله شبکۀ عوامل مؤثر بر فعلیت (عناوین ثانوی، تزاحم، تغییر موضوع، عرف و زمان و مکان، احکام حکومتی و مقاصد) را سامان میدهد و از خلط مفهوم/مصداق پیشگیری میکند. نوآوری مقاله پیوند دادن تفکیک جعل/ فعلیت با نظریۀ ابهام و استخراج پیامدها حقوقی برای تقنین، قضا و تنظیمگری است. این چارچوب میتواند به اجتهاد پویا و تصمیمسازی حقوقی کمک کند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مقام جعل؛ مقام فعلیت؛ ثباتگرایان؛ تغییرگرایان؛ ابهام مفهومی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Rereading Stability and Change in Islamic Rulings in Light of the Status of Forgery, Actuality and Ambiguity | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Akram Abdolahpur | ||
| Assistant Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The stability–change problem in legal rulings is one of the key epistemic knots in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. This study revisits the issue by distinguishing two levels—the stage of promulgation and the stage of actualization—and by explaining how conceptual vagueness shapes interpretations and generates only apparent conflicts. The central question is: How can one preserve fidelity to the Sharia’s fixed principles while delivering credible time- and place-sensitive responses? Methodologically, the paper adopts an analytic–conceptual approach, combining a close analysis of usul al-fiqh, fiqh, and hadith sources with insights from the philosophy-of-language literature on vagueness. The findings show that stability at the stage of promulgation is not incompatible with change at the stage of actualization, because a ruling becomes operative only when its subject is instantiated together with relevant customary qualifiers, temporal–spatial conditions, and incidental attributes. Building on this, the paper’s two-tier framework systematizes the network of factors that govern operativity—secondary considerations, pragmatic conflict (tazāhum), subject change, custom, time and place, governmental rulings, and maqāṣid—and it prevents conflating concept and instance. The paper’s contribution is to link the promulgation/actualization distinction to a theory of vagueness, and to derive legal implications for legislation, adjudication, and regulation. This framework, in turn, supports dynamic ijtihād and more robust legal decision-making. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Stage of Promulgation, Stage of Actualization, Stability-Oriented Jurists, Adaptation-Oriented Jurists, Conceptual Vagueness | ||
| مراجع | ||
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