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واکاوی مفهوم جنون و تطبیق آن بر اهلیت و عدم اهلیت از منظر فقه و حقوق | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 14، پاییز و زمستان 1404 (پیاپی 28)، اسفند 1404، صفحه 87-98 اصل مقاله (1.68 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2025.73705.3352 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معصومه طهرانچیان1؛ سیدمحمدتقی علوی* 2؛ ناصر مسعودی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران. | ||
| 2استاد حقوق، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و حقوق، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اساس قانونگذاری در حیطه سلامت روان و بیماران روانپزشکی، رعایت حقوق انسانی و مدنی بیماران است که لازمه این امر رسیدن به تعاریف مشترکی بین حقوق و روانپزشکی است. مهمترین مفهوم در این حوزه، جنون میباشد که در قانون مدنی عنوانی کلی است، درحالیکه جنون در روانپزشکی معادل اختلال یا بیماری روانی است که دارای تعریفی دقیقتر بوده و اقسام و درجاتی دارد. بهعبارتدیگر، جنون از نظر قانونگذار بیانی کلی است که در عین کلی بودن صرفاً به درجهدار بودن آن اشاره کوتاهی شده، درحالیکه در جدیدترین نگاه علم روانپزشکی به این موضوع رویکرد پیوستاری (دارای درجات) مطرح شده است. باتوجه به فقدان چنین تعریف دقیقی در حقوق مدنی که میتواند باعث تضییع حقوق افراد دچار بیماری روانپزشکی صرفاً به سبب داشتن بیماری شود، این پژوهش با استفاده از منابع کتابخانهای و به صورت توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی مفهوم جنون در فقه، حقوق و روانپزشکی و ارتباط آن با اهلیت پرداخته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف واکاوی مفهوم جنون و اهلیت و تطبیق آن در سه حیطه روانپزشکی، حقوق و فقه سعی داشته به تعریف مشترکی دست یابد. در نهایت با بررسی قوانین و پژوهشهای انجامشده به نظر میرسد رویکرد طیفی که قانونگذار در قانون مجازات اسلامی جدید در مورد جنون لحاظ کرده، میتواند در قانون مدنی نیز در راستای حمایت از حقوق بیمار روانپزشکی موردتوجه قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| جنون؛ اهلیت؛ عدم اهلیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Exploration of the Concept of Insanity and its Comparation to Capacity and Incapacity from the Perspective of Jurisprudence and Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Masoumeh Tehranchian1؛ SeyedMohammadTaghi Alavi2؛ Naser Masoudi3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student in private law, Faculty of law, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 2Prof. of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof. of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The basis of legislation in the field of mental health and psychiatric patients is to respect the human and civil rights of patients, which requires reaching common definitions between law and psychiatry. The most important concept in this area is insanity, which is a general title in civil law, while insanity in psychiatry is equivalent to a mental disorder or illness that has a more precise definition and has types and degrees. In other words, insanity is a general expression from the legislator's point of view, which, while being general, only briefly refers to its degree, while the latest view of psychiatry has proposed a continuum approach(with degrees) to this issue. Given the lack of such a precise definition in civil law, which can cause the rights of people with psychiatric illness to be violated simply because of having the illness, this research has examined the concept of insanity in jurisprudence, law, and psychiatry and its relationship with competence, using library resources and in a descriptive-analytical manner. The present study aims to analyze the concept of insanity and competency and its application in the three fields of psychiatry, law, and jurisprudence, and has attempted to achieve a common definition. Finally, by examining the laws and research conducted, it seems that the spectrum approach that the legislator has included in the new Islamic Penal Code regarding insanity can also be considered in the civil law in order to protect the rights of psychiatric patients. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Insanity, Capacity, Incapacity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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