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بازکاوی و تحلیل فضایی کاربریهای شهری با رویکرد عدالت فضایی (موردمطالعه: کاربریهای آموزشی شهر گرگان) | ||
| برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 40، اسفند 1404، صفحه 93-110 اصل مقاله (2.06 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/psp.2026.76353.2791 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب بدراق نژاد* 1؛ ابراهیم معمری2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در تحولات سریع شهری، به ویژه رشد جمعیت و گسترش فیزیکی (فضایی-کالبدی) شهرها، در بسیاری از موارد با رشد متناسب و همپای ارائه تسهیلات و خدمات شهری همراه نبوده است. این عدم توازن، به عنوان علت ریشهای اصلی، منجر به از همپاشیدگی ساختار توزیع مراکز خدماتی در پهنه شهر شده است. در نتیجه، الگوهای توزیع فضایی خدمات شهری دچار عدم تعادل ساختاری میگردد. رشد شهری نامتوازن و مهاجرپذیری فزاینده شهر گرگان، به ویژه تمرکز بر نواحی جنوبی با ویژگیهای مطلوب اقلیمی، ضرورت بازکاوی و اعمال الزامات عدالت فضایی در پهنهبندی و توزیع کاربریهای شهری را برجسته میسازد. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی - تحلیلی است. برای ارزیابی نتایج، از روشهای تصویرسازی موجود در محیط نرمافزاری Arc GIS10.4استفاده شده است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات، اسنادی بوده و پس از جمعآوری آمار و اطلاعات پایهای نیز ازجمله نقشههای کاربری اراضی مربوط به مطالعات طرح جامع و تفصیلی شهر گرگان، دادههای بلوکهای آماری سال ۱۳۹۵، موقعیت مکانی مراکز آموزشی مشخص و استخراج شد. پس از تشخیص موقعیت مکانی مراکز آموزشی با استفاده از آمارههای تحلیل فضایی همچون تابع نزدیکترین همسایگی، تحلیل خوشهای چند فاصلهای و موران الگوی توزیع فضایی مراکز آموزشی مشخص شد. رویکرد عدالت فضایی با توزیع عادلانه خدمات، زیرساختها و فرصتها میان مناطق، به توازن فضایی و توسعه پایدار کمک میکند. نوآوری این پژوهش در بهرهگیری از شاخصهای کاربردی برای سطحبندی فضایی کاربریها نهفته است. تحلیل نزدیکترین همسایه: این تحلیل نشان داد که خدمات آموزشی در شهر گرگان به صورت خوشهای توزیع شدهاند (645/0) الگوی خوشهای از نظر آماری معنیدار است (p-value < 0.0)، که بیانگر تمرکز خدمات در برخی مناطق و کمبود آن در مناطق دیگر است. با استفاده از ضریب موران جهانی (096/0)، مشخص شد که پراکنش خدمات آموزشی در سطح محلات شهر گرگان نیز به صورت خوشهای است. این نتیجه با Z-Score برابر با 64/3، با احتمال اطمینان ۹۹درصد معنیدار است و نشاندهنده تمرکز خدمات در محلات همجوار و ایجاد مناطق برخوردار و محروم (لکه داغ و لکه سرد) است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از نابرابری فضایی قابل توجه در دسترسی به خدمات آموزشی در شهر گرگان است. الگوی توزیع خوشهای این خدمات، بیانگر وجود شکاف میان مناطق برخوردار و مناطق فاقد دسترسی کافی است که لزوم بازنگری در سیاستگذاریهای توزیع خدمات شهری با رویکرد عدالت فضایی را برجسته میسازد. نتایج خروجی نشان میدهد که شاخصهای و کاربریهای آموزشی در سطح شهر گرگان به صورت ناموزون و خوشهای بوده است که این امر لزوم توجه مدیران و برنامهریزان شهری را جهت توزیع فضایی مناسب این کاربریها میطلبد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تحلیل فضایی؛ شاخص آموزشی؛ پراکنش فضایی؛ شهر گرگان؛ عدالت فضایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis and Investigation of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Urban uses with a Spatial Justice Approach (Case Study: Educational uses in Gorgan City) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ayuob Badragh Nejad1؛ Ebrahim Moammeri2 | ||
| 1Associate Prof, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rapid urban transformations, particularly population growth and the physical–spatial expansion of cities, have often not been accompanied by the balanced development of urban services and facilities. This imbalance, as one of the underlying structural causes, has led to fragmentation in the distribution system of service centers across urban areas, resulting in spatial inequality and structural imbalance in the distribution of urban services. In Gorgan city, unbalanced urban growth and increasing migration—especially the concentration of development in the climatically favorable southern areas—have highlighted the necessity of reassessing urban land-use distribution through the lens of spatial justice. The present study is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature and methodology. Spatial analysis and visualization tools available in ArcGIS 10.4 were used to evaluate the data. The required information was collected through documentary and library-based methods, including land-use maps from the comprehensive and detailed urban plans of Gorgan, statistical block data from the 2016 census, and the geographic locations of educational centers. After identifying the locations of educational facilities, the spatial distribution pattern of these centers was analyzed using spatial statistical techniques, including the Nearest Neighbor Index, multi-distance cluster analysis, and Moran’s I statistic. The spatial justice approach, emphasizing the equitable distribution of services, infrastructure, and opportunities among urban areas, plays a critical role in achieving spatial balance and sustainable development. The novelty of this research lies in applying practical spatial indicators for the classification and evaluation of urban land uses. The results of the Nearest Neighbor Analysis revealed that educational services in Gorgan exhibit a clustered spatial distribution pattern with a coefficient of 0.645. This pattern was statistically significant (p-value < 0.01), indicating the concentration of services in certain areas and insufficient access in others. Furthermore, the Global Moran’s I coefficient (0.096) and a Z-score of 3.64, with a 99% confidence level, confirmed the clustered distribution of educational services across Gorgan’s neighborhoods. This finding indicates the emergence of advantaged and disadvantaged areas (hot spots and cold spots) in terms of access to educational facilities. The findings demonstrate a considerable degree of spatial inequality in access to educational services in Gorgan City. The clustered distribution pattern highlights the gap between well-served and underserved areas and underscores the need to revise urban service distribution policies based on a spatial justice approach. Overall, the results indicate that educational indicators and land uses in Gorgan are distributed unevenly and in clustered forms, emphasizing the necessity for urban managers and planners to promote a more balanced spatial distribution of educational facilities. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Spatial Analysis, Educational Index, Spatial Distribution, Gorgan City, Spatial Justice | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3 |
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