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چالشهای اصل سرزمینی در اجرای احکام مدنی مالکیت فکری | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 15، بهار و تابستان 1405 (پیاپی 29)، شهریور 1405، صفحه 15-30 اصل مقاله (1.67 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2026.76922.3438 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مریم مدرسی1؛ طوبی صادقی* 2؛ محمدحسین عرفان منش3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از اصول پایه و مهمی که به عنوان پیشفرض نظام مالکیتفکری مطرح بوده و حوزه جغرافیایی حمایت و اعتبار مالکیت فکری را مشخص میکند، «اصل سرزمینیبودن» مالکیت فکری است. بر اساس این اصل، حقوق مالکیت فکری تنها در قلمرو کشوری که آن را به رسمیت شناخته، اعتبار دارد. اگرچه این قاعده در ابتدا با هدف حمایت از منافع ملی و تشویق نوآوری داخلی شکل گرفت، اما در عصر جهانیشدن اقتصاد و مبادلات فرامرزی، به مانعی برای اجرای مؤثر احکام تبدیل شده است. مطالعه حاضر نشان میدهد اصل سرزمینی، چالشهای عملی متعددی ایجاد میکند؛ از جمله این چالشها میتوان به افزایش قابل توجه هزینههای دادرسی و اجرا، محدودیت در شناسایی و اجرای آرای محاکم خارجی، دشواری در شناسایی، ارزیابی و ارزشگذاری یکپارچه داراییهای فکری در سطح بینالمللی، ایجاد عدم قطعیت حقوقی و امکان سوءاستفاده از طرح دعوای مجدد در کشورهای مختلف اشاره کرد. در نتیجه، بستری برای نقض فراگیر احکام و کاهش کارآیی نظام حلاختلاف فراهم میشود. با این حال، از آنجا که ویژگی سرزمینی، جزیی جداییناپذیر از ماهیت فعلی حقوق مالکیتفکری محسوب میشود، راهحل پایدار، حذف کامل آن نیست. در عوض، راهکار پیشنهادی این مقاله، اتخاذ رویکردی قراردادی و پیشگیرانه است. بر این اساس، طرفین قراردادهای مالکیت فکری باید با بازخوانی ساختار این قراردادها، بهطور صریح تبعات اصل سرزمینی در اختلافات آتی را که در این مقاله به آن پرداخته میشود در نظر گرفته و ضمانتاجراها و سازوکارهای حل اختلاف مناسب را با ماهیتی پیشگیرانه در متن توافقها بگنجانند تا از بروز آسیبهای ناشی از این چالشها جلوگیری شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| اصل سرزمینی؛ مالکیت فکری؛ احکام مدنی؛ حمایتهای ملی؛ اصل فراسرزمینی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Challenges of the Territorial Principle in the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Civil Judgments | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Maryam Modaresi1؛ Touba Sadeghi2؛ Mohammad Hossein Erfanmanesh3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student in Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the basic and important principles that is proposed as a prerequisite for the intellectual property system and determines the geographical scope of protection and validity of intellectual property is the “territorial principle” of intellectual property, in the era of economic globalization and cross-border transactions, it has become an obstacle to the effective enforcement of judgments. The present study shows that giving primacy to the territorial principle creates several practical challenges. These challenges include a significant increase in litigation and enforcement costs, restrictions on the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions, difficulties in identifying, assessing and valuing intellectual property internationally, creating legal uncertainty and the possibility of abuse of reiteration in different countries. As a result, a platform is provided for widespread violations of judgments and a reduction in the efficiency of the dispute resolution system. However, since territoriality is an integral part of the current nature of intellectual property rights, the sustainable solution is not to completely eliminate it. Instead, the solution proposed in this article is to adopt a contractual and preventive approach. Accordingly, parties to international intellectual property agreements should review the structure of these agreements, explicitly consider the implications of the territorial principle in future disputes, which is discussed in this article, and include appropriate enforcement guarantees and dispute resolution mechanisms with a preventive nature in the text of the agreements to prevent the occurrence of damage resulting from these challenges. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Territorial Principle, Intellectual Property, Civil Laws, National Protections, Extraterritorial Principle | ||
| مراجع | ||
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