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شرط جایگزینی مسئولیت در مقابل خسارت های زیست محیطی | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 15، بهار و تابستان 1405 (پیاپی 29)، شهریور 1405، صفحه 1-14 اصل مقاله (1.79 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2026.73384.3335 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| روح الله آخوندی روشناوند* 1؛ هدی مشفقی فیض آبادی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه حقوق، مؤسسه آموزش عالی خراسان، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| عدم کارایی نظام مسئولیت مدنی مبتنی بر تقصیر در پیشگیری و جبران خسارتهای وارده بر محیط زیست از یکسو و آمرانه نبودن قواعد عام مسئولیت مدنی در باب مسئول جبران خسارت و شرایط مطالبۀ خسارت از سویی دیگر، ما را به سمت شناسایی توافقاتی رهنمون میسازد که از رهگذر آنها بتوان تسریع و تسهیل بیشتری را در جبران اینگونه خسارتها محقق سازیم. با لحاظ کارکرد اصلی شروط جایگزینی مسئولیت که همانا تقسیم مسئولیت بین طرفین قرارداد و تعیین مسئول خسارتها است، این پژوهش نظری- تحلیلی در پی امکانسنجی توافق بر شروط جایگزینی مسئولیت در مقابل خسارتهای وارده بر محیط زیست و چگونگی توافق بر این شروط میباشد. اعتبار شروط جایگزینی مسئولیت در نظام حقوقی ایران و تنوع در اقسام این شروط، تعهد مشروطٌعلیه مبنی بر پذیرش نهایی بار مسئولیت جبران خسارت و معافیت مشروطٌله از اثبات رابطۀ سببیت بین فعل مشروطٌعلیه و ورود خسارت مؤید آن است که توافق بر شرط جایگزینی مسئولیت درصورت تعیین دقیق خطرات زیستمحیطی و ضمانت اجرای تخلف از آن، میتواند راهکار مناسبی جهت کاستن از زیانهای جبران نشدۀ وارده بر محیط زیست باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| خسارتهای زیستمحیطی؛ شرط جایگزینی مسئولیت؛ محیط زیست | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Indemnity for Environmental Damages | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Roohollah Akhoundi Roshanavand1؛ Hoda Moshfeghi Feyzabadi2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Social Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Khorasan Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The spread of environmental hazards and damages and the inefficiency of the fault-based civil liability system in preventing and compensating such damages on the one hand and the non-mandatory nature of the general rules of civil responsibility regarding the person responsible for compensation and the conditions for claiming damages, on the other hand, leads us to agreements such as indemnity clauses that through them, it is possible to predict the responsibility of the parties to the contract and impose the responsibility of compensation on the shoulders of the party that has more control and ability to prevent the occurrence of damage and compensate for the damage and so, accelerated and facilitated more in compensating damages that occur during the execution of the contract or as a result of it. In this analytical research, we are trying to assess the feasibility and how to agree on the terms of indemnity clause against environmental damages. Considering the validity of the terms of indemnity clause in Iran's legal system and the variety of types of these terms, the type of indemnifier’s obligation based on the final acceptance of the burden of compensation for damages and indemnified exemption from proving the causal relationship between the act of indemnifier and the occurrence of damages. Agreement on indemnity clause along with the precise determination of the environmental risks included in the clause and the sanctions of its violation can be a suitable solution to reduce the uncompensated losses on the environment. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Environmental Damages, Indemnity Clause, Environment | ||
| مراجع | ||
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