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طراحی مدل توسعه گردشگری و رزشی در ناصریه عراق | ||
| فصلنامه علمی پژوهشهای کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 30 شهریور 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/arsm.2026.77048.4032 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی حسین عزیز الحجامی* ؛ یعقوب بدری آذرین؛ وجیه جوانی | ||
| دانشگاه تبریز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چکیده این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی مدل توسعه گردشگری ورزشی در شهر شطره و استان ناصریه عراق و بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر آن، از رویکرد کیفی و روش گراندد تئوری استفاده کرد. تحلیل دادهها نشان داد که توسعه گردشگری ورزشی یک پدیده چندبعدی و نظاممند است که تحت تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی، محیطی و امنیتی قرار دارد. ظرفیتهای طبیعی و اقلیمی، میراث فرهنگی و ورزشهای محلی، زیرساختهای شهری و نگرش جامعه محلی از عوامل اصلی شکلدهنده این توسعه هستند. همچنین، امنیت، هماهنگی نهادی و سیاستگذاری هدفمند بهعنوان عوامل مداخلهگر مسیر توسعه را تسهیل یا محدود میکنند. راهبردهای پیشنهادی شامل برنامهریزی راهبردی بومی، ارتقای زیرساختها، برندسازی مقصد، جذب سرمایهگذاری و توانمندسازی جامعه محلی است. یافتهها نشان میدهند که اجرای موفق این راهبردها میتواند منجر به توسعه پایدار گردشگری ورزشی، افزایش درآمدهای محلی، ایجاد فرصتهای شغلی، ارتقای کیفیت زندگی و تقویت هویت و سرمایه اجتماعی شود. مدل ارائهشده میتواند بهعنوان چارچوبی علمی و عملی برای سیاستگذاری و توسعه گردشگری ورزشی در مناطق مشابه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گردشگری ورزشی؛ توسعه پایدار؛ مدل پارادایمی؛ استان ناصریه؛ نظریه دادهبنیاد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Designing a Sports Tourism Development Model in Nasiriyah, Iraq | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Hossein Aziz Al-Hajami؛ Yaqoob Badriazarin؛ vajihe javani | ||
| Uni Tabriz | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Sports tourism has emerged as a dynamic and multi-dimensional sector within the global tourism industry, combining athletic activities, cultural experiences, and leisure travel (Mongkhonvanit & Meadows, 2015; Gozalova et al., 2014). In recent years, developing countries have recognized the potential of sports tourism not only as a revenue-generating activity but also as a strategic tool for sustainable regional development, social cohesion, and urban revitalization (Jiménez‑García et al., 2020; Rangkuti et al., 2025). Iraq, with its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and emerging interest in sporting events, represents a promising context for exploring innovative models of sports tourism development. The province of Nasiriyah, and specifically the city of Shatra, possesses unique natural, cultural, and environmental assets that can be leveraged to establish a structured and sustainable sports tourism framework. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of integrating economic, social, and environmental dimensions to achieve sustainable development in sports tourism. For instance, Eskandari and Ranjbar (2025) highlighted that successful sports tourism initiatives require a comprehensive understanding of economic indicators, infrastructure quality, and cultural factors. Similarly, Sohrabi, Moharam Zadeh, and Nazari (2024) emphasized the significant economic impact of health-oriented sports on local GDP, underlining the need for strategic investment and planning. Mousavi et al. (2021) also demonstrated that integrating traditional and rural sports into tourism frameworks can support local development and preserve cultural heritage. Despite the recognized potential, the development of sports tourism in regions like Shatra faces multiple challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited financial investment, cultural constraints, and regional security concerns. Studies in comparable contexts, such as Fauzi et al. (2024) in Sumedang, Indonesia, have shown that lack of institutional coordination and systematic policy evaluation can significantly impede the success of sports tourism initiatives. Therefore, designing a context-specific, evidence-based model for sports tourism in Shatra is essential to harness its potential fully and sustainably. The present study aims to develop a grounded theory-based model for sports tourism development in Shatra and Nasiriyah, Iraq. By employing qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, field observations, and document analysis, this research identifies critical factors, strategic pathways, and expected outcomes for a sustainable and participatory approach to sports tourism. Methodology This study adopts a qualitative grounded theory approach, which is particularly suited to exploring complex social phenomena where existing theoretical frameworks are limited (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Data were collected from 45 participants, including local government officials, tourism managers, sports club representatives, community leaders, and event organizers in Shatra. Semi-structured interviews allowed participants to share insights on opportunities, challenges, and strategic priorities for sports tourism. Field observations were conducted across local sports facilities, cultural sites, and natural landscapes to contextualize participants’ narratives. Data analysis followed a three-step coding process: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Initially, 152 codes were identified from raw data during open coding, capturing themes such as infrastructure gaps, cultural heritage, economic incentives, and community participation. Axial coding then organized these into 17 subcategories and 6 main categories aligned with a paradigmatic model: causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and outcomes. Selective coding led to the development of a coherent model highlighting the relationships between these categories and providing a systematic framework for strategic planning and policy-making. To ensure rigor, triangulation was applied by cross-verifying interview findings with field observations and documentary data, including government reports, tourism statistics, and regional development plans. Additionally, member checking was employed, allowing participants to validate the interpretation of results. The grounded theory approach ensures that the proposed model reflects local realities, stakeholder perspectives, and actionable strategies for sports tourism development in Nasiriyah. Findings The Analysis revealed that sports tourism development in Shatra is shaped by multi-dimensional factors across economic, cultural, environmental, and institutional domains. These findings are organized according to the six categories of the developed paradigmatic model. 1. Causal Conditions Causal conditions are factors that create the motivation and necessity for sports tourism development. Participants emphasized the region’s natural and environmental assets, including rivers, open green spaces, and unique climatic conditions, as foundational opportunities for outdoor and sports activities. Additionally, cultural heritage and local traditions, such as religious rituals, folk games, and local festivals, allow for the integration of sports and cultural tourism, enhancing visitor experience and engagement. Economic conditions also emerged as key causal factors. Local stakeholders identified the general economic situation, investment opportunities, and financial support, including both public and private investments, as critical in enabling sports tourism initiatives. The perceived potential to generate employment, enhance local income, and stimulate regional development further motivated authorities to pursue sports tourism strategically. These findings are consistent with Eskandari and Ranjbar (2025), Sohrabi et al. (2024), and Ariyayar et al. (2025), who emphasize economic and investment factors as determinants of sustainable sports tourism. 2. Central Phenomenon The central phenomenon of this study is the development of sports tourism in Shatra and the wider Nasiriyah province. Participants described this phenomenon as more than hosting temporary events; it is a systematic and multi-dimensional process requiring planning, coordination among institutions, and active involvement of multiple stakeholders. Successful implementation can transform Shatra from an underrecognized region into a dynamic, event-oriented destination. This observation aligns with Fauzi et al. (2024), who highlight the critical role of coordinated planning and evaluation in regional sports tourism development. 3. Contextual Conditions Contextual conditions include infrastructure, local culture, and investment patterns that shape the environment for tourism development. Stakeholders reported that sports facilities, accommodation services, transportation, and supportive amenities are pivotal for attracting visitors. Deficiencies in these areas, including non-standardized sports infrastructure and limited logistical support, were identified as barriers, consistent with findings from Mortezaee and Kalate Seifari (2020). Local culture and attitudes, including traditions, hospitality practices, and popularity of local sports, also significantly influence community participation and visitor engagement. These insights align with Mousavi et al. (2021) and Sohrabi et al. (2024), emphasizing the integration of cultural understanding in planning. 4. Intervening Conditions Intervening conditions can facilitate or hinder the development process. In Shatra, social and political stability, governance, and cultural constraints emerged as key intervening factors. Participants noted that perceived insecurity, sporadic disturbances, and lack of institutional coordination could restrict both investment and visitor participation. This aligns with Sudarmanto et al. (2025) and Higham & Vada (2025), who underscore the importance of stability as a prerequisite for attracting tourists and investors. 5. Strategies Strategies identified include planning and development management, branding and media engagement, and community participation. Participants highlighted the need for local strategic planning, infrastructure enhancement adapted to environmental conditions, destination branding, investment attraction, specialized workforce training, and community education. These strategies are consistent with findings by Dastgerdi et al. (2022) and Alidoust Ghahfarrokhi et al. (2023), who emphasize comprehensive, participatory, and management-focused approaches for successful sports tourism development. 6. Outcomes The anticipated outcomes of sports tourism development include improved infrastructure, enhanced hospitality services, increased tourist arrivals, employment generation, higher local incomes, and improved quality of life. Additionally, outcomes extend to strengthening local identity, social capital, and regional image. These results resonate with Ariyayar et al. (2025), Higham & Vada (2025), and Cheng et al. (2025), indicating that sports tourism contributes to socio-economic growth, cultural exchange, and sustainable destination development. Discussion & Conclusion The The findings of this research reveal that sports tourism in Shatra is a complex, interrelated system, where natural, cultural, economic, and institutional factors interact dynamically. Capacity-building, infrastructure development, security enhancement, and participatory governance emerge as critical enablers of sustainable tourism. The study highlights the importance of integrating traditional sports and cultural heritage into tourism offerings, consistent with Mousavi et al. (2021) and Rangkuti et al. (2025), enhancing the cultural and experiential value of sports tourism. Economic development emerged as both a motivation and an outcome of sports tourism, reflecting the findings of Eskandari & Ranjbar (2025), Sohrabi et al. (2024), and Ariyayar et al. (2025). Strategic investment, financial support, and public-private partnerships are essential for addressing infrastructure gaps and realizing the economic potential of sports tourism. Similarly, the role of governance, institutional coordination, and systematic policy evaluation is highlighted by Fauzi et al. (2024), emphasizing that a lack of planning and evaluation can undermine the success of otherwise promising initiatives. The integration of environmental and climatic considerations in the design of sports tourism products is essential, as noted in Cheng et al. (2025). Shatra’s climate, natural landscapes, and environmental limitations necessitate adaptive strategies for sports event planning, infrastructure design, and visitor experience management. Additionally, cultural and social factors, including local values, traditions, and attitudes toward tourism, shape both the acceptability and sustainability of sports tourism initiatives. Community engagement and participatory approaches are therefore central to the long-term success of tourism projects. Security and political stability remain fundamental preconditions for tourism development. Aligning with Sudarmanto et al. (2025) and Higham & Vada (2025), enhancing security perception, mitigating disturbances, and fostering institutional coordination are crucial for attracting visitors and investors. Finally, media, branding, and marketing strategies are essential for destination recognition and competitiveness, as highlighted in Alidoust Ghahfarrokhi et al. (2023). This study developed a grounded theory-based model for sports tourism development in Shatra and Nasiriyah, integrating causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategic actions, and outcomes. The research demonstrates that successful development requires a holistic and participatory approach, balancing economic, cultural, environmental, and governance considerations. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed: Infrastructure and service enhancement: Invest in sports facilities, accommodations, transportation, and recreational amenities to improve destination attractiveness. Security and stability: Collaborate across governmental and tourism agencies to enhance safety perception and reduce barriers for tourists and investors. Strategic branding and marketing: Utilize media, social networks, and digital platforms to promote Shatra as a sports tourism destination. Community empowerment: Conduct training, workshops, and awareness programs to strengthen local participation and foster cultural preservation. Policy and strategic planning: Develop and implement national and local strategies, coordinating between public and private sectors, and integrating evaluation frameworks such as logic models and scenario planning. Implementation of these recommendations can optimize economic, social, and cultural benefits, positioning Shatra as a sustainable and competitive sports tourism destination. The developed model also provides a framework for future research and practical applications in other developing regions. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Sports Tourism, Sustainable Development, Paradigmatic Model, Nasiriyah Province, Grounded Theory | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3 |
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