Identifying the Factors Influencing the Realization of Inclusive City, Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis | ||
| فصلنامه علمی پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری | ||
| Article 3, Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 38, April 2025, Pages 37-54 PDF (885.88 K) | ||
| Document Type: Science - Research | ||
| DOI: 10.30473/grup.2024.68584.2799 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ahmad Asadi* 1; Mohsen Ahadnejad Roshti2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Geography & Urban Planning, Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat, Qaen, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Geography & Urban Planning, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The increasing urbanization and the emergence of spatial imbalances in most cities around the world has put the issue of reducing inequality in accessing a variety of resources, interests and facilities at the focus of most experts and international organizations. In this regard, the result of different points of view is the presentation of inclusive city approach to face all kinds of inequalities and imbalances. Considering the importance of planning inclusive cities, the aim of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the inclusive city in Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and descriptive-analytical nature, in order to analysis the information, was used partial least squares model in Warp-PLS software. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and academic elites of Tabriz metropolis, and the sample size is determined by using Cohen's formula to be 100 people. The findings of the research show that the greatest impact on the realization of the inclusive city of Tabriz is related to the variables of unit management, knowledge-oriented, the content of plans and programs, and coordination and participation, respectively, the coefficients extracted based on the structural model of the research for each of them are 0.71, 0.66, 0.63 and 0.59. Among the most important reasons for the importance of these variables in the realization of Tabriz's inclusive city is the functioning of the municipal organizations and the lack of a pervasive perspective, the lack of use of various science professionals, and the new approaches to the urban management system, the lack of flexibility and future approaches. In the urban management system and the lack of coordination and participation between the city -run organizations and among the urban organizations with the people. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Equality; Spatial Balance; Sustainable Development; Inclusive City; Tabriz Metropolis | ||
| References | ||
|
Alsayel, A., de Jong, M., & Fransen, J. (2022). Can creative cities be inclusive too? How do Dubai, Amsterdam and Toronto navigate the tensions between creativity and inclusiveness in their adoption of city brands and policy initiatives? Cities, 128, 103786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103786 Asadzadeh, H., Hatami, A., & Sasanpour, F. (2022). Measuring the condition of Tehran Metropolitan based on Ubiquitous city indicators. Journal of Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences, 22(67), 301–316. (In Persian) https://doi.org/10.52547/jgs.22.67.301 Asian Development Bank. (2022). Inclusive cities urban area guidelines. Manila, Philippines. Belabas, W., & George, B. (2023). Do inclusive city branding and political othering affect migrants’ identification? Experimental evidence. Cities, 133, 104119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104119 Capanema-Alvares, L., & Barbosa, J. L. (2018). Urban Public Spaces, From Planned Policies to Everyday Politics (Illustrated with Brazilian Case Studies). The urban book series, Springer. Cheliotis, K. (2020). An agent-based model of public space use. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 81, 101476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101476 Collins, D., & Stadler, S. L. (2020). Public Spaces, Urban. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10212-4 Dai, D. (2011). Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in urban green space accessibility: Where to intervene? Landscape and Urban Planning, 102(4), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.05.002 De Oliveira Neto, J.S. (2018). Inclusive Smart Cities: theory and tools to improve the experience of people with disabilities in urban spaces. (Doctoral dissertation, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE); Universidade de São Paulo (Brésil)). Douglas, R. (2017). Building Inclusive Cities: Highlights from the Inclusive Cities Project. Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO). Manchester, United Kingdom. Ganji, K., & Hajjati, F. (2015). Statistics questions and research methods of the doctoral exam in educational management. Tehran, Roshd Publications. (In Persian) Gao, S., Xiong, Q., & Yu, J. (2023). Conceptualization and measurement of water inclusive sustainability of China’s cities in Yangtze River Economic Belt. Sustainable Cities and Society, 92, 104474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104474 Gao, S., Xiong, Q., & Yu, J. (2023). Conceptualization and measurement of water inclusive sustainability of China’s cities in Yangtze River Economic Belt. Sustainable Cities and Society, 92, 104474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104474 Gilbert, H., Whitzman, C., Pieters, J., & Allan, A. (2018). Children’s everyday freedoms: Local government policies on children and sustainable mobility in two Australian states. Journal of Transport Geography, 71, 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.07.007 Goldsmith S. (2000). UNIVERSAL DESIGN A Manual of Practical Guidance for Architects. Architectural Press. Gong, W., & Lyu, H. (2017). Sustainable City Indexing: Towards the Creation of an Assessment Framework for Inclusive and Sustainable Urban-Industrial Development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Joy, M., Marier, P., & Séguin, A.-M. (2020). Age Friendly Cities: A panacea for aging in place? In V. Billette, P. Marier, & A-M Séguin (Eds.). Getting Wise about Getting Old: Debunking Myths about Aging (pp. 64–72). Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Ren, K., & Xu, L. (2017). Dataset on energy efficiency assessment and measurement method for child-friendly space in cold residential area. Data in Brief, 14, 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.032 Kendig, H., Elias, A.-M., Matwijiw, P., & Anstey, K. (2014). Developing Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in Australia. Journal of Aging and Health, 26(8), 1390–1414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264314532687 La Rosa, D., Takatori, C., Shimizu, H., & Privitera, R. (2018). A planning framework to evaluate demands and preferences by different social groups for accessibility to urban greenspaces. Sustainable Cities and Society, 36, 346–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.026 Lanza, G., Pucci, P., & Carboni, L. (2023). Measuring accessibility by proximity for an inclusive city. Cities, 143, 104581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104581 Lee, S.H., Han, J. H., Leem, Y.T., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2008). Towards ubiquitous city: concept, planning, and experiences in the Republic of Korea. In Knowledge-based urban development: Planning and applications in the information era (pp. 148–170). IGI Global. Lemaire, X., & Kerr, D. (2017). Inclusive Urban Planning–Promoting Equality and Inclusivity in Urban Planning Practices. UCL Energy Institute / SAMSET Policy Note. Livingston, A. (2008). Disability Policy and Practice. At the University of Saskatchewan. Mandeli, K. (2019). Public space and the challenge of urban transformation in cities of emerging economies: Jeddah case study. Cities, 95, 102409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102409 Master plan of Tabriz. (2016). Consulting Engineers of Role of Environment, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, General Department of Roads and Urban Development of East Azerbaijan Province, approved on 2016/11/14. (In Persian) Mayaud, J. R., Tran, M., & Nuttall, R. (2019). An urban data framework for assessing equity in cities: Comparing accessibility to healthcare facilities in Cascadia. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 78, 101401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101401 Micek, M., & Staszewska, S. (2019). Urban and Rural Public Spaces: Development Issues and Qualitative Assessment. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series, 45(45), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0025 Mohareb, N., Elsamahy, E., & Felix, M. (2019). A child-friendly city: a youth creative vision of reclaiming interstitial spaces in El Mina (Tripoli, Lebanon). Creativity Studies, 12(1), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.6171 Norani, A. (2004). Facilitating the application, training and executive evaluation of city planning and architecture rules and regulations for physically-motor disabled people. Tehran, Iran Urban Planning and Architecture Study and Research Center. (In Persian) Ostroff, E. (2000). Universal Design: The New Paradigm. Adaptive Environments Center. Parnell, S. (2016). Defining a Global Urban Development Agenda. World Development, 78, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.028 Rachmawati, R. (2017). Inclusive Cities: The New Issue in Urban Development. Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Education, and Human Research, 79, 160-165. https://doi.org/10.2991/icge-16.2017.32 Rahimzad Madani, K., Rafeian, M., & Dadashpour, H. (2021). Spatial Analysis of Vulnerable Group Accessibility to Public Services Using an Inclusive City Approach (case study: Tehran Metropolis). Geographical Urban Planning Research, 9(1), 93-117. (In Persian) DOI: 10.22059/jurbangeo.2020.308331.1350 SACN. (2017). Inclusive Cities 2008. Sout African Cities Network: Braamfontein. Sadeque, S.Z. (2009). Inclusive Planning for Social Integration: A Short Notes. UN Habitat. Satispi, E. (2019). Policy Development of the Child-Friendly City: Case Study of South Tangerang City Regional Government. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 3(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.136.2018.32.105.112 Shah, P., Hamilton, E., Armendaris, F., & Lee, H. (2015). World-Inclusive Cities Approach Paper. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. Singru, R., & NaikLindfield, M.R. (2017). Enabling Inclusive Cities: Tool Kit for Inclusive Urban Development. Asian Development Bank: Mandaluyong, Philippines. Spino, N.A. (2022). Building an inclusive city: theory and action in confronting urban segregation. translated by Mahmoud Shoorjeh. Tehran, Tehran City Planning and Studies Center. (In Persian) UN-Habitat. (2001). Inclusive Cities Initiative: The Way Forward. Nairobi: UN Habitat. United Nations. (2019). Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World urbanization prospects: the 2018 revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/420). New York: United Nations; 2019 Accessed online January 2020 https://population.un.org/wup/ Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf. van Hoof, J., Marston, H. R., Kazak, J. K., & Buffel, T. (2021). Ten questions concerning age-friendly cities and communities and the built environment. Building and Environment, 199, 107922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107922 Yigitcanlar, T., & Lee, S. H. (2014). Korean ubiquitous-eco-city: A smart-sustainable urban form or a branding hoax? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.034 Wang, X., & Liu, Z. (2022). Neighborhood environments and inclusive cities: An empirical study of local residents’ attitudes toward migrant social integration in Beijing, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 226, 104495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104495 Zhao, R., de Jong, M., & Edelenbos, J. (2023). Will the true inclusive city rise? Mapping the strengths and weaknesses of the city ranking systems. Cities, 143, 104617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104617 | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 674 PDF Download: 495 |
||