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معاملات اسناد تجاری در مواجهه با ورشکستگی | ||
دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
دوره 13، 1 (بهار و تابستان 1403- پیاپی 25)، فروردین 1403، صفحه 45-58 اصل مقاله (790.31 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2024.67209.3156 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمد شکری* 1؛ ابراهیم تقی زاده2 | ||
1استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
2استاد حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
یکی از اسناد مورد استفاده در فعالیتهای بازرگانی، اسناد تجاری )برات، سفته و چک( است. معاملات مربوط به اسناد تجاری با توجه به ارادی بودن عمل حقوقی و نظر به دوطرفه بودن ماهیت قراردادی دارند. ورشکستگی موجب ممنوعیت تاجر از معاملات مالی و از جمله معاملات اسناد تجاری است، لکن به دلیل ویژگیهای خاص این اسناد، اثر آن گاه متفاوت از معاملات دیگر است. مطابق قانون تجارت معاملات ورشکسته قبل از توقف در شرایطی موجد حق فسخ است، از توقف تا صدور حکم ورشکستگی برخی معاملات باطل و پس از صدور حکم نیز ممنوع است. در دورانهای مزبور صدور، ظهرنویسی، ضمانت از چک، سفته و برات و همچنین قبولی برات با توجه به ویژگیهای خاص چه آثار و رویکردی دارد؟ چنانچه قبل از توقف باشد و مشمول حق فسخ باشد چه اثری نسبت به تعهدات این اسناد دارد؟ از توقف تا صدور حکم اگر تعهد به موجب سند تجاری به صورت صلح محاباتی، هبه یا معاملات بلاعوض و یا به جهت پرداخت دین باشد، رویکرد بطلان تعهد ورشکسته چیست؟ آثار ممنوعیت معاملات ورشکسته نسبت به این اسناد چگونه است؟ پژوهش حاضر عهدهدار بررسی رویکرد حقوقی و آثار خاص ورشکستگی در ادوار مزبور در فروض مختلف نسبت به تعهدات ناشی از اسناد تجاری است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
توقف؛ ورشکستگی؛ اسناد تجاری؛ قرارداد | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Transactions of Negotiable Instruments in the Face of Bankruptcy | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mohammad Shokri1؛ Ibrahim Taghizadeh2 | ||
1Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
2Professor of Private Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
One of the documents used in business activities is negotiable instruments, (draft, promissory notes and checks). Transactions related to negotiable instruments have a contractual nature due to the voluntary nature of the legal act and the reciprocity of the contract. bankruptcy prohibits the trader from financial transactions, including negotiable instruments. But because of the special features of these According to the Commercial Code, bankrupt transactions have the right to terminate before the suspension in certain circumstances, from suspension to the issuance of the bankruptcy order, some transactions are void and after the issuance of the ruling, it is also prohibited. during these periods, what are the effects and approach of issuing, endorsing, guaranteeing checks, promissory notes, and accepting you according to special characteristics? If it is before the suspension, and is subject to the right of termination, what effect does it have on the obligations of these documents? What is the approach to the annulment of a bankrupt obligation from suspension to the issuance of a sentence if the obligation under the commercial document is in the form of a peace agreement, a gift or a gratuitous transaction, or for the purpose of paying a debt? What are the effects and approach of banning bankrupt transactions on these documents? The present study is responsible for examining the legal approach and the specific effects of bankruptcy in the mentioned periods in different assumptions regarding the obligations arising from negotiable instruments. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Stop, Bankruptcy, Negotiable Instruments, Transactions | ||
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