اثرات داروی ضد دیابت متفورمین بر سایر بیماری‌ها: یک مطالعه ‏مروری

Aboutorabi, R., Khajeh Daluei, M., Mazloum Khorasani, Z., Hassanzadeh, M.T., & Bonakdaran, S. (2016). Serum level of vitamin B12 and its relation to dose and duration of metformin consumption in type 2 diabetic patients. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 59(2), 82-87.

Afsharipour, M. (2020). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its impairments from the perspective of traditional iranian medicine and conventional medicine. Medical History Journal, 12(44), 1-14.

Alfaraidi, H., & Samaan, M.C. (2023). Metformin therapy in pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities: A review. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 1072879.

Alrouji, M., Al-Kuraishy, H.M., Al-Gareeb, A.I., Ashour, N.A., Jabir, M.S., Negm, W.A., Batiha, G.E. (2024). Metformin role in Parkinson's disease: a double-sword effect. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 479(4), 975-991.

Amirteimoury M., Fatemi I., Hassanshahi J., & Kaedi A. (2019). Effect of metformin on morphine induced working memory defects in rats. Iranian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 3(2), 117-123.

Asadi, A., Kamalinejad, M., & Arzaei, S. (2015). Comparison of the effect of Shilan medicinal capsule (Java) with metformin on ovarian cysts in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine, 7(1), 57-62.

Asghari, A., Hashemzadeh Homaioni, B., Mortazavi, P., & Jahandideh, A. (2016). Experimental study of the effect of metformin on corneal healing in rabbit. Veterinary Research and Biological Products, 29(3), 110-117.

Asghari, A., Kashfi Yeganeh, G., & Mortazavi, P. (2014). Preventive effects of metformin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Journal of Veterinary and Clinical Pathology, 7(4), 322-333.

Ataee, R., & Esmaeeli, H. (2019). The effect of metformin on the progression of non-small cell lung cancer with diabetes mellitus: A review of studies between 2015 and 2017. Journal of Sharekord University of Medical Sciences, 20(5), 101-109.

Azarnia, M., Nabiuni, M., Mohseni Kochesfahani, H., & Toosi, A. (2013). Investigating the combined effect of metformin and bee venom on in vitro maturation of mouse preantral follicles. Journal of Animal Research, 26(3), 228-236.

Badri, Z, Delfan, M, & Daneshyar, S. (2022). The combined effect of high-intensity interval training and metformin on gene expression of myogenin and myostatin in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice. Iranian Journal of of Diabetes and Metabolism, 22(4), 199-212.

Bahman, A., Abu Tarabi, S., Dabaghi Qala, T., & Javadi, A. (2018). Comparison of the effect of calcium-vitamin D administration and metformin in regulating the menstrual cycle in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 22(1), 4-12.

Bashraheel, S.S., Kheraldine, H., Khalaf, S., & Moustafa, A.A. (2023). Metformin and HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biomedical Pharmacotherapy, 162, 114676.

Blonde, L., Dipp, S., & Cadena, D. (2018). Combination glucose-lowering therapy plans in T2DM: Case-based considerations. Advances in Therapy, 35(7), 939-965.

Chamberlain, J.J., Johnson, E.L., Leal, S., Rhinehart, A.S., Shubrook, J.H., & Peterson, L. (2018). Cardiovascular disease and risk management: Review of the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2018. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(9), 640-650.

Chaudhary, S., & Kulkarni, A. (2024). Metformin: past, present, and future. Current Diabetes Reportd, 24(6), 119-130.

Daka, Q., Neziri, B., Lindner, E., & Azuara Blanco, A. (2024). Metformin in Glaucoma Treatment. Journal of Glaucoma, 33(6), 387-393.

Darbandi, N., Moghadasi, S., & Momeni, H.R. (2018). The acute and chronic effects of metformin on memory retrieval and hippocampal CA1 area intact neurons in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimeric male rats. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 40(5), 38-47.

Davari, H., Ghods, K., Ebrahimian, A. (2018). The comparison of insulin and metformin effects on blood PH, bicarbonate, potassium and magnesium of the non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19(5), 349-356.

Dyatlova, N., Tobarran, N.V., Kannan, L., North, R., & Wills, B.K. (2023). Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA). 2022 Sep 7. In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–Lambova SN. Pleiotropic effects of metformin in osteoarthritis. Life, 13(2), 437.

Esfahanian, N., Shakiba, Y., Nikbin, B., Soraya, H., Maleki-Dizaji, N., Ghazi-Khansari, M., & Garjani, A. (2012). Effect of metformin on the proliferation, migration, and MMP-2 and -9 expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 5(4), 1068-1074.

Esmaeilzadeh, S., Ghorbani, L., Sharbatdaran, M., Bijani, A., & Sajadi, P. (2010). Comparison of flutamide and metformin in overweight-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome following a hypocaloric dieting. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 12(4),7-13.

Fatahi, S., Kord Varkaneh, H., Pezeshki, M., Ghahremanian, A., & Shab-Bidar, S. (2018). A survey on clinical effectiveness of orlistat compared to sibutramine, lorcaserin, metformin and placebo on weight loss in obese people: a network meta-analysis. Tehran University of Medical Journal, 76(6), 403-409.

Fatehi-Aghdam, M., Najafzadeh, N., & Golmohammadi, M.G. (2020). Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of the combination of metformin with docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil on the gastric cancer cells. Journal of Isfahan Medical Sciences, 38(567), 139-146.

Feng, J., Wang, X., Ye, X., Ares, I., Lopez-Torres, B., Martínez, M., Martínez-Larrañaga, M.R., Wang, X, Anadón, A, & Martínez, MA. (2022). Mitochondria as an important target of metformin: The mechanism of action, toxic and side effects, and new therapeutic applications. Pharmacological Research, 17, 106114.

Feng, Y.Y., Wang, Z., & Pang, H. (2023). Role of metformin in inflammation. Molecular Biology Reports, 50(1), 789-798.

Foretz, M., Guigas, B., Bertrand, L., Pollak, M., & Viollet B. (2014). Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell Metabolism, 20(6), 953-966.

Froldi G. (2024). View on metformin: Antidiabetic and pleiotropic effects, pharmacokinetics, side effects, and sex-related differences. Pharmaceuticals, 17(4), 478.

 Galal, M.A., Al-Rimawi, M., Hajeer, A., Dahman, H., Alouch, S., & Aljada, A. (2024). Metformin: A dual-role player in cancer treatment and prevention. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(7), 4083.

Ghamaridaz, S., Hojati V., Molzemi, S., & Roudi, B. (2023). The Effect of Kombucha Mushroom and Garlic Extracts on Blood Biochemical Parameters of Healthy and Diabetic Rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 23(4), 214-224.

Ghasemloo, K., Manaheji, H., Dargahi, L., & Pandamooz, S. (2018). The role of spinal PKCγ in tolerance and hyperalgesia induced by repeated morphine administration in male rats. Iranian South Medical Journal, 20(6), 527-539.

Ghodsi, M., Hojati, V., Attaranzadeh, A., & Saifi, B. (2021). A cross-sectional study on the follicular fluid concentration of some interleukins and clinical factors in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 9(2), 124-129.

Gholami, M., Klashami, Z.N., Ebrahimi, P., Mahboobipour, A.A., Farid, A.S., Vahidi, A., Zoughi, M., Asadi, M., & Amoli, M.M. (2023). Metformin and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21(1), 155.

Ghomian, N., Vahed, S.H.M., Firouz, S., Yaghoubi, M.A., Mohebbi, M., & Sahebkar, A. (2019). The efficacy of metformin compared with insulin in regulating blood glucose levels during gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Cell Physiology, 234(4), 4695-4701.

Gonzalez-Angulo, A.M., & Meric-Bernstam, F. (2010). Metformin: a therapeutic opportunity in breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 16(6), 1695-1700.

Gouveri, E., & Papanas, N. (2023). Τhe endless beauty of metformin: Does it also protect from skin aging? A narrative review. Advances in Therapy, 40(4), 1347-1356.

Herman, R., Kravos, N.A., Jensterle, M., Janež, A., & Dolžan, V. (2022). Metformin and insulin resistance: A review of the underlying mechanisms behind changes in GLUT4-mediated glucose transport. Internationa Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1264.

Hernández-Velázquez, E.D., Alba-Betancourt, C., Alonso-Castro, Á.J., Ortiz-Alvarado, R., López, J.A., Meza-Carmen, V., & Solorio-Alvarado, C.R. (2023). Metformin, a biological and synthetic overview. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 86, 129241.

Hsu, W.H., Hsiao, P.J., Lin, P.C., Chen, S.C., Lee, M.Y., & Shin, S.J. (2018). Effect of metformin on kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and moderate chronic kidney disease. Oncotarget, 9(4), 5416-5423.

Jafari, F., Miresmaeili, S.M., & Kalantar, S.M. (2019). Association of metformin pharmacogenetic with a single amino Acid alteration in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 27(8), 1795-1803.

Jafari Sirizi, M., Adib, F., & Kabir, A. (2023). Efficacy and safety of metformin plus sitagliptin combination t herapy versus metformin alone in treatment patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies in Medical Sciences, 34(10), 608-619.

Jamal, A., Ale-Yasin, A., Shabani, P., Kodaverdi, S., & Shabani, E. (2010). The effect of metformin on uteroplacental circulation and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Tehran University Medical Journal, 68(4), 238-242.

Jo, J.K., Song, H.K., Heo, Y., Kim, M.J., & Kim, Y.J. (2023). Risk analysis of metformin use in prostate cancer: a national population-based study. Aging Male, 26(1), 2156497.

Kang, M.J., Moon, J.W., Lee, J.O., Kim, J.H., Jung, E.J., Kim, S.J., Oh, J.Y., Wu, S.W., Lee, P.R., Park, S.H., & Kim, H.S. (2022). Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a. Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 13(1), 605-620.

Khorsandi, L., Bahramzadeh, S., Hashemitabar, M., & Kalantar Mahdavi, S.R. (2011). Metformin effect on the mouse pancreatic langerhans islets volume. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, 19(74), 9-19.

Lalau, J.D., Kajbaf, F., Bennis, Y., Hurtel-Lemaire, A.S., Belpaire, F., & De Broe, M.E. (2018). Metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stages 3A, 3B, or 4. Diabetes Care, 41(3), 547-553.

Landry, D.A., Yakubovich, E., Cook, D.P., Fasih, S., Upham, J., & Vanderhyden, B.C. (2022). Metformin prevents age-associated ovarian fibrosis by modulating the immune landscape in female mice. Science Advances, 8(35), 1475.

Leonaviciute, D., Madsen, B., Schmedes, A., Buus, N.H., & Rasmussen, B.S. (2018). Severe Metformin Poisoning Successfully Treated with Simultaneous Venovenous Hemofiltration and Prolonged Intermittent Hemodialysis. Case Reports in Critical Care, 2018, 3868051.

Li, D., Ruan, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, Z., Ou, Q., Huang, H., Chen, J., Han, W., Tang, S., Li, J., Wang, L., Chen, T., Bai, X., Cai, D., & Ding, C. (2023). Metformin attenuates osteoarthritis by targeting chondrocytes, synovial macrophages and adipocytes. Rheumatology, 62(4), 1652-1661.

Liang, H., Song, H., Zhang, X., Song, G., Wang, Y., Ding, X., Duan, X., Li, L., Sun, T., & Kan, Q. (2022). Metformin attenuated sepsis-related liver injury by modulating gut microbiota. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 11(1), 815-828.

Lord, S.R., & Harris, A.L. (2023). Is it still worth pursuing the repurposing of metformin as a cancer therapeutic? British Journal of Cancer, 128(6), 958-966.

Lovin, B.D., Wilkinson, A.J., Qing, Y., Hernandez, M., Nader, M.E., Raza, S., DeMonte, F., & Gidley, P.W. (2023). The Effect of metformin on vestibular schwannoma growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope, 133(9), 2066-2072.

Ma, T., Tian, X., Zhang, B., Li, M., Wang, Y., Yang, C., Wu, J., Wei, X., Qu, Q., Yu, Y., Long, S., Feng, J.W., Li, C., Zhang, C., Xie, C., Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Chen, J., Yu, Y., Huang, X., He, Y., Yao, L., Zhang, L., Zhu, M., Wang, W., Wang, Z.C., Zhang, M., Bao, Y., Jia, W., Lin, S.Y., Ye, Z., Piao, H.L., Deng, X., Zhang, C.S., & Lin, S.C. (2022). Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway through PEN2. Nature, 603(7899), 159-165.

Mesbah, F., Bahri, A., Ghasemi, E., Talaei Khozani, T., Mirkhani, H, & Parsanejad, M.E. (2011). The effects of metformin on ovum implantation and pregnancy outcome in rats with induced PCOS. Tehran University Medical Journal, 69(3), 191-197.

Moayeri, M., Nezhadali, M., & Mohamadi, M. (2023). Association between fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) RS17817449 gene polymorphism with insulin resistance and obesity in the patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies in Medical Sciences, 33(12), 868-875.

Mohammadi, Y., & Rezaei Farimani, A. (2021). Effect of metformin on the expression of SNARE proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, 28(3), 270-278.

Monte-Serrano, J., Villagrasa-Boli, P., Cruañes-Monferrer, J., Arbués-Espinosa, P., Martínez-Cisneros, S., & García-Gil, M.F. (2016). Metformina en el tratamiento de enfermedades dermatológicas: una revisión narrativa (The role of metformin in the treatment of dermatological diseases: A narrative review). Aten Primaria, 54(6), 102354.

Movaghar, A., Hojati, V., & Shiravi, A. (2021). The study of the effect of alcoholic extract of Triticum sativum, on the skin wound healing in diabetic male wistar rats. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 11, 135-141.

Mu, W., Jiang, Y., Liang, G., Feng, Y., & Qu, F. (2023). Metformin: A promising antidiabetic medication for cancer treatment. Current Drug Targets, 24(1), 41-54.

Naseri, A., Sanaie, S., Hamzehzadeh, S., Seyedi-Sahebari, S., Hosseini, M.S., Gholipour-Khalili, E, Rezazadeh-Gavgani, E., Majidazar, R., Seraji, P., Daneshvar, S., & Rezazadeh-Gavgani, E. (2022). Metformin: new applications for an old drug. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 34(2), 151-160.

Ndembe, G., Intini, I., Moro, M., Grasselli, C., Panfili, A., Panini, N., Bleve, A., Occhipinti, M., Borzi, C., Garassino, M.C., Marabese, M., Canesi, S., Scanziani, E., Sozzi, G., Broggini, M., & Ganzinelli, M. (2024). Caloric restriction and metformin selectively improved LKB1-mutated NSCLC tumor response to chemo- and chemo-immunotherapy. Journal of Experimrntal and Clinical Cancer Research, 43(1), 6.

Ning, P., Luo, A., Mu, X., Xu, Y., & Li, T. (2022). Exploring the dual character of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology, 207, 108966.

Nojima, I., & Wada, J. (2023). Metformin and its immune-mediated effects in various diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1), 755.

Noori Roshnavand, F., Hojati, V., Vaezi, G., & Rahbarian, R. (2019). The comparison of green tea aqueous extract and catechin effect on pituitary-gonadal axis in rat models of type 1 diabetes. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, 27(125), 9-15.

Nouri, M., Yahyaei, B., & Yazdi, S. (2019). Assessment of liver histopathology in female rats with diabetes and metabolic syndrome and its therapeutic methods with the aim to reduce injury. Journal of Animal Biology, 12(1), 81-93.

Nouri, F., Parto, P., Azadbakht, M., & Darvishnia, H. (2020). Comparison of the effects of metformin, pioglitazone, repaglinide and acarbose on the histomorphology of mouse polycystic ovary. Journal of Fasa University of Medcal Sciences, 10(1), 1932-1942.

O'Connor, L., Bailey-Whyte, M., Bhattacharya, M., Butera, G., Hardell, K.N.L., Seidenberg, A.B., Castle, P.E., & Loomans-Kropp, H.A. (2024). Association of metformin use and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 116(4), 518-529.

Pak-Hashemi, M., Hassanipour, M., Kaeidi, A., Saeed-Askari, P., Fatemi, I., Rahmani, M.R., Hakimi, E., Hassanshahi, J., Ehsani, V., Taghipour, Z., Khademi, M., & Allahtavakoli, M. (2020). Effect of metformin on some cognitive functions in old rats. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 28(3), 2479-2489.

Papadakos, S.P., Argyrou, A., Lekakis, V., Arvanitakis, K., Kalisperati, P., Stergiou, I.E., Konstantinidis, I., Schizas, D., Koufakis, T., Germanidis, G., & Theocharis, S. (2024). Metformin in Esophageal Carcinoma: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(5), 2978.

Park, J., Rah, S.Y., An, H.S., Lee, J.Y., Roh, G.S., Ryter, S.W., Park, J.W., Yang, C.H., Surh, Y.J., Kim, U.H., Chung, H.T., & Joe, Y. (2023). Metformin-induced TTP mediates communication between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes to alleviate hepatic steatosis by regulating lipophagy and necroptosis. Metabolism, 141, 155516.

Paschou, S.A., Shalit, A., Gerontiti, E., Athanasiadou, K.I., Kalampokas, T., Psaltopoulou, T., Lambrinoudaki, I., Anastasiou, E., Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R., & Goulis, D.G. (2024). Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy: an update. Endocrine, 83(2), 259-269.

Pournaghi, P., Sadrkhanloo, R., Hassanzadeh, S., & Farshid, A.A. (2011). The ultrastructural study of oocyte and zona pellucida in ovarian follicles of untreated and and metformin-treated diabetic rats subsequent to induction of experimental diabetes. Tehran University Medical Journal, 69(6), 366-373.

Pounaghi, P., Hasanzadeh, S., Sadrkhanlou, R.A., & Farshid, AA. (2012). Ultrastructural study of granulosa cells in ovarian follicles of diabetic and metformin-treated diabetic rats subsequent to induction of experimental diabetes. Studies in Medical Sciences, 23(5), 476-484.

Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Baradaran, A., Merrikhi, A., Nematbakhsh, M., Madihi, Y., & Nasri, H. (2013). Efficacy of co-administration of garlic extract and metformin for prevention of gentamicin-renal toxicity in wistar rats: A biochemical study. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(3), 258-64.

Rameshgar, M., Bahar, A., Eslami Jouibari, M., Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A., Shojaei-Asrami, R., & Alizadeh-Navaei, R. (2023). Association of diabetes and metformin use with gastric cancer: A case-control study. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 32(217), 105-112.

Raza, S., Al-Niaimi, F., & Ali, F.R. (2023). A systematic review of the uses of metformin in dermatology. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 48(2), 73-79.

Rosell-Díaz, M., & Fernández-Real, J.M. (2024). Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome. Endocrine Reviews, 45(2), 210-226.

Sabzali, M., Eidi, A., Khaksari, M., & Khastar, H. (2022). Therapeutic effect of metformin on necrotic cell death of hippocampal cells and improvement of spatial memory in the fetal rat of model alcohol spectrum disorders. Journal of Animal Biology, 14(3), 207-220.

Sadighi, S., Saberian, M., Najafi, M., Jahanzad, I., Omranipoor, R., Safaee Nodehi, S.R., & Vaziri, S. (2016). Metformin effect on a cohort of non-diabetic patients with early breast cancer. Tehran University of Medical Journal, 74(2), 99-106

Saeed Askari, P., Fatemi, I., Hakimzadeh, E., Kaeidi, A., Esmaeil Moghaddam, S., Pak Hashemi, M., & Allahtavakoli, M. (2020). Pretreatment effects of metformin on behavioral manifestations of global ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, 7(3), 459-468.

Saifi Novashnag, S., Oryan, S., Eidi, A., & Yaghmaei, P. (2016). Effects of metformin on serum levels of secreted klotho and leptin in PCOS women. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 16(2), 169-177.

Salar Amoli, J., Ghaffari, H., Heidari, M., & Lesan, V. (2013). Metformin reduces cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Feyz Medical Sciences Journal, 17(2), 139-148.

Salehpour, S., Shahverdi, Z., Farhamand Monfared, M., & Rouzrokh, M. (2010). Comparison of the effect of cyproterone compound-spironolactone and metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Medical Council of Iran, 28(4), 377-387.

Shabani, T., & Hosseini, S. (2017). Comparison of the hydro-alcoholic extract of ginseng root with metformin in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. Armaghan-e-Danesh Journal, 21(11), 1087-1099.

Shahebrahimi, K., Zulnoorian, S., Almasi, A., Sharifi, A., Keshvarz, A., & Farshchian, N. (2017). A comparison of the therapeutic effects of metformin, pioglitazone and vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 19(9), 32-38.

Sharifi Nasab, M., Yazdimoghaddam, H., Mohaddess, S.T., & Rakhshani, M.H. (2022). Correlations of diabetes and the risk factors with the survival of breast cancer patients. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases, 14(4), 31-44.

Soraya, H., Esfahanian, N., Shakiba, Y., Ghazi-Khansari, M., Nikbin, B., Hafezzadeh, H., Maleki Dizaji, N., & Garjani, A. (2012). Anti-angiogenic effects of metformin, an AMPK activator, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and on granulation tissue in rat. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 15(6), 1202-1209.

Soraya, H., Ahadi, S., Mahmoudifar, F., & Abbaszadeh, S. (2015). Metformin reduces cardiac remodeling and neutrophil accumulation after myocardial infarction in rats. The 1st International Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology and the 22nd Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology of Iran. 2015, 15-22.

Suwei, D., Yanbin, X., Jianqiang, W., Xiang, M., Zhuohui, P., Jianping, K., Yunqing, W., & Zhen, L. (2022). Metformin inhibits melanoma cell metastasis by suppressing the miR-5100/SPINK5/STAT3 axis. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, 27(1), 48.

Tai, S., Sun, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, Z., He, Y., Chen, M., Yang, H., Xiao, Y., Tu, T., Tang, L., Li, X., Zeng, J., Zheng, X., & Zhou, S. (2022). Metformin suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell senescence by promoting autophagic flux. Journal of Advanced Research, 41, 205-218.

Tarbiat, M, Aghaee Meybodi, SA, & Farhadian, M. (2016). Comparing alterations of blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin and withhold of metformin on the morning of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine, 23(2), 110-117.

Tobar, N., Rocha, G.Z., Santos, A., Guadagnini, D., Assalin, H.B., Camargo, J.A., Gonçalves, A.E.S.S., Pallis, F.R., Oliveira, A.G., Rocco, S.A., Neto, R.M., de Sousa, I.L, Alborghetti, M.R., Sforça, M.L., Rodrigues, P.B., Ludwig, R.G., Vanzela, E.C., Brunetto, S.Q., Boer, P.A., Gontijo, J.A.R., Geloneze, B., Carvalho, C.R.O., Prada, P.O., Folli, F., Curi, R., Mori, M.A., Vinolo, M.A.R., Ramos, C.D., Franchini, K.G., Tormena, C.F., & Saad, M.J.A. (2023). Metformin acts in the gut and induces gut-liver crosstalk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(4), e2211933120.

Triggle, C.R., Mohammed, I., Bshesh, K., Marei, I., Ye, K., Ding, H., MacDonald, R., Hollenberg, M.D., & Hill, M.A. (2022). Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? Metabolism, 133, 155223.

Upadhyaya, P., Rehan, H.S., & Seth, V. (2011). Serum leptin changes with metformin treatment in polycystic ovarian syndrome: correlation with ovulation, insulin and testosterone levels. EXCLI Journal, 10, 9-15.

Valaee, S., Yaghoobi, M.M., Jamshidizad, A., & Shamsara, M. (2019). Glucose dependent effect of metformin on expression of two microRNAs-related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a gastric cancer cell line. Journal of Cell and Molecular Research, 32(2), 255-263.

Wang, Y.W., He, S.J., Feng, X., Cheng, J., Luo, Y.T., Tian, L., & Huang, Q. (2017). Metformin: a review of its potential indications. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 11, 2421-2429.

Yaghoobi, M.S., Abedi, B., & Saremi, A. (2021). The effect of Tabata exercise in water and metformin consumption on endostatin and TIMP2 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 28(4), 84-94.

Zhang, W., Li, D., Li, B., Chu, X., & Kong, B. (2023). STAT3 as a therapeutic target in the metformin-related treatment. International Immunopharmacology, 116, 109770.

Ziaee, A., Hashemipour, S., Ghavam, S., Javadi, A., Ghavam, R., Barikani, A., & Esmaeilzadeha, N. (2013). Comparison of metformin and pioglitazone on hs-CRP levels in patients with Type II diabetes. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 21(2), 28-36.

Ziaie, A., Yazdi, Z., Abedini, A., Sheykholeslami, H., & Javadi, A. (2012). Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin resistance reduction in polycystic ovary syndrome: A comparative study. Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 29(172), 2842-2848.