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تنوع گونهای پرندگان تالاب بینالمللی انزلی | ||
فصلنامه علمی زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی | ||
دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 38، آبان 1400، صفحه 39-54 اصل مقاله (829.11 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/eab.2021.56016.1808 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
عباس عاشوری1؛ حسین وارسته مرادی2؛ فرهاد حسینی طایفه* 3 | ||
1اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیطزیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
3استادیار، گروه تنوع زیستی و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکده محیطزیست و توسعه پایدار، سازمان حفاظت محیطزیست، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
تالاب بینالمللی انزلی یکی از زیستگاههای مهم برای پرندگان در ایران و منطقه خزری است، اما تاکنون مطالعه جامعی در خصوص شناسایی و تعیین وضعیت پرندگان آن انجام نشده است. در این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی غنای گونهای و تغییرات جمعیت پرندگان از دیماه 1393 تا آذرماه 1394 همه بخشهای تالاب انزلی هر ماه حداقل یکبار بررسی شد. در مجموع 243 پرنده شامل 51 گونه آبزی، 61 گونه کنارآبزی و 131 گونه خشکزی شناسایی شد. به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تعداد گونه در ماههای فروردین و خرداد و بیشترین و کمترین جمعیت در ماههای دی (134167 فرد) و اردیبهشت (6979 فرد) شناسایی و شمارش شد. بیش از 70 درصد پرندگان مهاجر عبوری و زمستانه بودند. 26 درصد پرندگان در فهرست گونههای در خطر انقراض جهانی، در معرض تهدید جهانی و حمایتشده قرار داشتند. نُه گونه به نامهای خروس کولی شکم سیاه در فهرست بحرانی، اردک سرسفید، بالابان و عقاب صحرایی در فهرست در خطر انقراض و اردک سرحنایی، کشیم گوشدار، عقاب تالابی، عقاب شاهی و قمری معمولی در طبقه آسیبپذیر IUCN بودند. جوجهآوری اردک بلوطی، سسک ساوی، یلوه کوچک و پرستوی دریایی کوچک برای نخستینبار در این تالاب شناسایی شد. بیش از یک درصد جمعیت جهانی پرستوی دریایی تیره، خوتکا، اردک سرسبز، اردک اردهای، قوی فریادکش، باکلان کوچک، باکلان بزرگ و پلیکان خاکستری در این تالاب شمارش شد. این بررسی نشان داد تالاب انزلی با وجود قرارگیری در فهرست مونترو همچنان یکی از زیستگاههای مهم پرندگان آبزی است و تمامی معیارهای تالاب بینالمللی از حیث پرندگان آبزی را دارد. بنابراین حفظ کیفیت و کمیت تالاب و خرد زیستگاههای آن ضروری میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
انزلی؛ پرندگان؛ تالاب؛ غنای گونهای؛ جمعیت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The Species Diversity of the Birds of Anzali International Wetland | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Abbas Ashoori1؛ HOSSEIN VARASTEH MORADI2؛ Farhad Hosseini Tayefeh3 | ||
1Gilan Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment, Rasht, Iran | ||
2Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran | ||
3Assistant Professor, Research Group of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Anzali International Wetland is one of the most important bird sites in Iran and the region, but so far no comprehensive study has been conducted to determine the diversity and status of its birds. In this study, all parts of the wetland were monitored monthly from January 2014 to December 2015 with the aim of identifying and surveying the status of the birds in the wetland. A total of 243 bird species including 112 waterbirds and 131 terrestrial species were identified. The highest number of species was recorded in April and the lowest number in June, and more than 70% of the birds in the wetland were passage and wintering migrants. The highest number of birds was counted in January (134,167 individuals) and the lowest number in May (6,979 individuals). Twenty-six percent of the birds were globally threatened, near-threatened and nationally protected in Iran, and nine species of were named: Sociable Lapwing in the critically endangered, White-headed Duck, Saker Falcon and Steppe Eagle in the endangered, and Common Pochard, Horned Grebe, Greater Spotted Eagle, Eastern Imperial Eagle and European Turtle Dove in the vulnerable category. Breeding of Ferruginous Duck, Savi’s Warbler, Little Crake and Little Tern was recorded for the first time in this wetland and more than one percent of the global population of Whiskered Tern, Teal, Mallard, Gadwall, Whooper Swan, Pygmy Cormorant, Great cormorant and Dalmatian Pelican occur in this wetland. This study shows that Anzali wetland, despite being included in the Ramsar Convention’s Montreux Record of listed sites experiencing change in ecological character, is still one of the most important sites for birds, especially waterbirds, and still satisfies all the waterbird-related criteria of the Ramsar Convention. Therefore, maintaining the quality and extent of the wetland and its valuable habitats is essential. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Anzali, Birds, Density, Species Richness, Wetland | ||
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