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مطالعه تطبیقی تعیین قیمت بازفروش در حقوق ایران و آمریکا | ||
| فصلنامه علمی پژوهش های اقتصاد صنعتی | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 31، خرداد 1404، صفحه 59-70 اصل مقاله (446.97 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: بنیادی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/jier.2025.68663.1407 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| علی ناصحی* | ||
| استادیار حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| قراردادهای توزیع ممکن است متضمن شروط محدودکننده‌ای باشند که پیامدهای اقتصادی آن، بر رقابت در بازار تأثیر بگذارد. تعیین قیمت بازفروش از جمله شروطی است که تأمین‌کننده کالا، برای افزایش سود آن را به‌کار می‌گیرد. این شرط با ایجاد محدودیت عمودی در بازار، موجب اخلال در رقابت می‌شود و معمولاً با آن مخالفت می‌شود. البته در برخی موارد نیز همچون کالاهای مربوط به بهداشت و فرهنگ نفع مصرف‌کننده و افزایش کارآیی را در پی دارد. سؤالاتی در این خصوص مطرح می‌شود از جمله آنکه ماهیت این شرط و نتایج استفاده از آن چیست؟ کدام رویکرد نسبت به این شرط با منافع جامعه سازگار است؟ قانونگذار ایرانی، با اعلام ممنوعیت ذاتی تعیین قیمت بازفروش، آثار مثبتی برای آن به رسمیت نمی‌شناسد، اما در نظام حقوقی آمریکا، اعتبار این شرط تحت قاعده معقولیت بررسی می‌شود. در مقایسه این دو رویکرد پاسخ به این سوال که کدام‌یک صحیح‌تر است، بسیار دشوار است و علی‌رغم تلاش اقتصاددانان در توجیه پیامدهای مثبت این شرط، رویکرد خصمانه‌ای نسبت به آن وجود دارد.. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| قرارداد توزیع؛ رقابت در قیمت؛ قیمت بازفروش؛ قاعده معقولیت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Comparative Study of Resale Price Mantenance in Iranian and American Law | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Nasehi | ||
| Assistant Professor in Private Law, Social Sciences Faculty, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Distribution agreements may contain restrictive clauses that have economic implications affecting market competition. One such clause is resale price maintenance, which goods suppliers often employ to increase profits. By introducing vertical restraints in the market, this condition can disrupt competition and is generally met with opposition. Of course, in some cases, such as goods related to health and culture, it benefits consumer and increases efficiency. Questions are raised in this regard, such as: what is the nature of this condition and what are the consequences of using it? Which approach to this condition compatible with the interests of society? The Iranian legislator, by announcing the inherent prohibition of determining the resale prices, does not recognize any positive effects for it, but in the U.S. legal system, the validity of this condition is examined under the rule of reasonableness. Comparing these two approaches makes it very difficult to answer the question that which one is more accurate, and despite the economists’ efforts to justify the positive consequences of this condition, there is a hostile approach toward it. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Distribution Contract, Competition in price, Resale price, Rule of Reason | ||
| مراجع | ||
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