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نیازسنجی مسأله محور تشکل های فرهنگی شاهد و ایثارگر(طراحی مدل نیازها و راهکارها) | ||
| مدیریت سیاسی | ||
| دوره 1، شماره 1، شهریور 1405، صفحه 120-150 اصل مقاله (827.77 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجتبی عباسی قادی* 1؛ عطیه افشاری2 | ||
| 1محقق | ||
| 2کارشناس اداره کل دانش پژوهان و تشکل های شاهد و ایثارگر | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر درصدد شناسایی و طراحی مدل های مطلوب نیازهای مسأله ای و راهکارهای مقابله ای با نیازهای مسأله ای تشکل های فرهنگی شاهد و ایثارگر است. از این منظر، از راهبرد پژوهش کیفی و از نوع تحلیل شبکه مضمون آتراید استرلینگ (2001) بهره جست. داده ها بواسطه انجام مصاحبه نیمه ساخت یافته با 15 نفر از خبرگان حوزه عمومی و سمن ها در دو بخش اجرایی و دانشگاهی؛ گردآوری و با استفاده کدگذاری نظری، تحلیل و مدل های مفهومی شبکه ای نیازهای مسأله ای و راهکارهای مقابله ای برساخته شد. یافته ها نشان داد که مدل نیازهای مسأله ای تشکل های فرهنگی شاهد و ایثارگر از سه مضمون فراگیر: وجود مشکلات ساختاری و سازمانی برون سیستمی، ضعف حوزه عمومی و جامعه مدنی در جامعه، مسائل و مشکلات مدیریتی تشکل ها، 8 مضمون سازمان یافته و 22 مضمون پایه ای به اشباع نظری رسید. علاوه بر آن، مدل راهکارهای مقابله ای با نیازهای مسأله ای تشکل های فرهنگی شاهد و ایثارگر از سه مضمون فراگیر: مرتفع نمودن مشکلات ساختاری و سازمانی برون سیستمی، تقویت حوزه عمومی و جامعه مدنی در جامعه، توجه به مسائل و مشکلات مدیریتی تشکل ها، 8 مضمون سازمان یافته و 17 مضمون پایه ای به اشباع نظری رسید. به منظور اعتبارسنجی یافته ها و مدل های برساخته شده از روش ارزیابی اعتبار به شیوه ارتباطی و نیز روش ممیزی و برای پایایی سنجی از دو روش قابلیت تکرارپذیری و قابلیت تعمیم پذیری استفاده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| نیاز؛ نیازسنجی؛ نیازهای مسأله ای؛ راهکارهای مقابله ای؛ تشکل های فرهنگی؛ شاهد و ایثارگر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Needs Assessment of Issue‑Based of Witness and Martyr Cultural NGOS (Design of Needs and Solutions Models) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mojtaba Abbasi Ghadi1؛ Atieh Afshari2 | ||
| 1Researcher | ||
| 2General Administration of Knowledge Researchers and Witness and Martyr Organizations (co‑author) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations play an important role in contemporary societies by promoting social participation, strengthening collective responsibility, representing citizens’ interests, and contributing to social and cultural development. These organizations can create opportunities for citizens to participate in public affairs, identify community needs, mobilize social resources, and contribute to solving social problems. Among different forms of civil society organizations, cultural associations related to martyrs and sacrifice and devotion communities constitute a distinctive group. These associations include organizations and groups connected with the families of martyrs, veterans, former prisoners of war, and other groups associated with the culture of sacrifice and devotion. Their activities are particularly important because they contribute not only to social participation but also to the preservation, promotion, and transmission of the cultural values associated with sacrifice, martyrdom, and devotion. Despite their potential capacities, cultural associations of martyrs and sacrifice and devotion communities face a wide range of challenges that may limit their independence, effectiveness, sustainability, and social influence. These challenges do not occur at a single level. Some are structural and external, including legal and institutional limitations, ambiguous regulations, inadequate organizational support, and problematic relationships with external institutions. Other challenges are related to the broader social environment, particularly weaknesses in the public sphere, civil society, social trust, and public awareness of the associations’ capacities and functions. A third category concerns internal organizational and managerial issues, including weaknesses in strategic management, human resource management, knowledge management, empowerment, and financial management. Accordingly, the present study adopts a problem-oriented needs assessment approach. In this perspective, need is not understood merely as a request, desire, or shortage. Rather, it is conceptualized as a problem, challenge, or gap between the existing and desired conditions. The main objective of the study is therefore to identify the problem-oriented needs and challenges of cultural associations of martyrs and sacrifice and devotion communities and to develop practical strategies for addressing them. Literature Review The theoretical framework of the present study is based on a combination of complementary perspectives. The social capital approach emphasizes the importance of trust, social networks, cooperation, and shared norms. From this perspective, weak trust and limited intergroup relations can reduce cooperation among associations, citizens, and institutions. The public sphere and civil society perspectives emphasize the importance of autonomous civic organizations, public participation, communication, and dialogue. These perspectives suggest that civil society organizations can act as important mediators between citizens and formal institutions. However, their effectiveness may decline when organizational independence is restricted or when the public has limited knowledge of their activities and capacities. Knowledge management constitutes another important component of the theoretical framework. Cultural associations need mechanisms for acquiring, sharing, organizing, and applying knowledge. They must identify the needs of their target groups, benefit from previous experiences, preserve organizational knowledge, and transform accumulated information into practical programs and policies. Without effective knowledge management, valuable experiences may remain fragmented and unavailable for future decision-making. The study also draws on organizational citizenship behavior and psychological empowerment. Organizational citizenship behavior emphasizes voluntary participation, cooperation, responsibility, and commitment among organizational members. Psychological empowerment focuses on members’ perceptions of competence, influence, meaning, and self-determination. These perspectives are particularly relevant to voluntary and civic associations because the effectiveness of such organizations depends heavily on the motivation, commitment, participation, and capabilities of their members. A review of previous empirical studies reveals that most research has examined only selected aspects of the problems confronting non-governmental organizations. Some studies have focused primarily on legal and structural issues, whereas others have emphasized management, financial resources, social participation, or social capital. The present research therefore attempts to provide a more comprehensive analysis by considering structural, organizational, and action-related dimensions together. Methodology The present study is exploratory in nature and applied in purpose. It adopts an inductive research strategy and is based on qualitative data. The primary method of analysis is thematic analysis, which was used to identify, classify, organize, and interpret recurring patterns and themes within the collected data. This approach makes it possible to move from detailed interview data toward broader conceptual categories and comprehensive thematic structures. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts from academic and executive sectors who were knowledgeable about the public sphere, civil society organizations, and related associations. Participants were selected through theoretical sampling, and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The purpose of the interviews was to obtain in-depth perspectives regarding the challenges, needs, capacities, and possible solutions associated with cultural associations of martyrs and sacrifice and devotion communities. To strengthen the credibility and reliability of the findings, the study employed several validation procedures. Communicative validity was assessed by returning to participants and examining the consistency of interpretations with their perspectives. An audit or expert review process was also used to assess the quality and appropriateness of the analysis and the conceptual models. Reliability was examined through repeatability and transferability procedures. Inter-coder agreement was reported as 0.90 for the problem-oriented needs model and 0.86 for the response strategies model, indicating an acceptable and desirable level of consistency in the coding process. Results The findings indicate that the model of problem-oriented needs of cultural associations of martyrs and sacrifice and devotion communities consists of three global themes, eight organizing themes, and twenty-two basic themes. The first global theme is the existence of structural and organizational problems in the external environment. The second global theme concerns weaknesses in the public sphere and civil society. The third global theme involves internal managerial and organizational problems. In addition to identifying the problem-oriented needs, the study developed a model of strategies for addressing these needs. This model consists of three global themes, eight organizing themes, and seventeen basic themes. The three principal strategic areas are: addressing external structural and organizational problems, strengthening the public sphere and civil society, and improving the management of the associations. Discussion the results demonstrate that the problems of cultural associations of martyrs and sacrifice and devotion communities cannot be solved through isolated interventions. Legal reform without internal organizational capacity building is incomplete, while public awareness and financial support without transparent legal structures and effective management may not produce sustainable outcomes. The study therefore emphasizes an integrated and networked approach in which structural reform, social empowerment, and managerial improvement operate simultaneously. Through such a comprehensive strategy, it is possible to strengthen the independence, effectiveness, responsiveness, and sustainability of these associations and create broader opportunities for their participation in social and cultural development. Conclusion The effectiveness of these cultural associations depends on the networked interaction of structural reform, strengthened social capital, and managerial renewal. Weakness in any dimension can disrupt overall system performance Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank all participants. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Need, needs assessment, Issue‑based needs, Coping solutions, Cultural NGOS, Witness and Martyr | ||
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