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کاوشی نو در باب منشاء دین در دعوی توقف تاجر | ||
| دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
| دوره 13، 1 (بهار و تابستان 1403- پیاپی 25)، فروردین 1403، صفحه 19-28 اصل مقاله (753.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2024.70343.3235 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین شهید1؛ علی اسلامی پناه،* 2؛ علی رستمی فر3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بین‌الملل قشم، قشم، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بین‌الملل قشم، قشم، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| منشأ دین در دعوای ورشکستگی از موضوعات مورد مناقشه بین حقوقدانان بوده و این اختلاف عقیده در آرای محاکم نیز انعکاس یافته است. تعیین و شناخت منشأ دین و بررسی تأثیر آن در دعوای ورشکستگی در اصلاح نارساییها و کاستیها و تسهیل کیفیسازی فرایندها و در نهایت صدور آرای عادلانه از سوی دادگاه‌ها و رویه قضایی مثمرثمر است و بدین ترتیب کیفیت عدالت را بهبود میبخشد. پدیده حقوقی «توقف از پرداخت دین» به دلیل عوامل اقتصادی ایجاد میشود، اما آثار حقوقی بر جای می‌گذارد. با توجه به قلمرو و ابعاد ناتوانی از پرداخت دین، دو نظام حقوقی اعسار و ورشکستگی، در نظام حقوقی ایران در نظر گرفته شده است. قانونگذار، واقعیات اقتصادی را در نهاد ورشکستگی بیشتر از اعسار در نظر گرفته است و همین موضوع باعث شده است. در برخی موارد، حقوق ورشکستگی از اصول کلی حقوقی و حقوق مدنی منحرف شود و حتی در مواردی که تجار، در پرداخت دیونی که جنبه تجاری ندارند، ناتوان هستند، تاجر را مکلف کرده تا مطابق مقررات قانون تجارت، رسیدگی به امر ورشکستگی خود را درخواست کند. مسیر قانونگذاری دلالت بر آن دارد که منشأ دین و ماهیت آن تأثیری در دعوای ورشکستگی ندارد. در نهایت به این هدف میرسیم که تفکیکی بین دارایی تاجر صورت نمیگیرد و این عقیده تقویت میشود که بدون توجه به منشأ یا نوع دینی که حاصل شده است، صرف سلب قدرت پرداخت تاجر از پرداخت دین موجب تحقق ورشکستگی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اعسار؛ توقف از پرداخت دین؛ دعاوی ورشکستگی؛ دعوی توقف تاجر؛ منشأ دین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A New Research on Debt Origination in Merchant Suspension Lawsuit | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hossein Shahid1؛ Ali Eslamipanah2؛ Ali Rostamifar3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Law, International Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, International Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The debt origination in the bankruptcy cases is one of the controversial issues among lawyers and this difference of opinion is also reflected in the decisions of the courts. Determining and recognizing the debt origination and examining its impact on bankruptcy case in correction of inadequacies and deficiencies and facilitating the quality of processes and finally issuing fair judgments by the courts and judicial procedure is fruitful and thus improves the quality of justice. The legal phenomenon of "debt payment suspension" is created due to economic factors, but has legal effects. Considering the scope and dimensions of inability to pay debts, two legal systems of bankruptcy and insolvency have been considered in Iranian legal system. In the institution of bankruptcy, the legislator has considered the economic realities more comparing to debt itself and in some cases, this issue has caused bankruptcy law to deviate from the general principles of law and civil law and even in cases where businessmen aren’t able to pay debts that are not commercial,, the law has obliged them to request for bankruptcy according to the provisions of the Commercial Law. The legislative path implies that the debt origination does not affect the bankruptcy case. Finally, we reach the goal that there is no separation between the merchant's assets and this opinion is strengthened that regardless of the type of debt origination that has been obtained, simply depriving the ability of merchant to pay the debt will result in bankruptcy. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Claims in Bankruptcy, Debt Origination, Insolvency, Merchant Suspension Lawsuit, Suspension of Debt Payments | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 203 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 184 |
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