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سلب منافع؛ واکنشی به نقض عامدانه قرارداد (مطالعه تطبیقی در نظام کامنلا، رومی-ژرمنی، ایران و مبانی فقهی) | ||
دوفصلنامه علمی دانش حقوق مدنی | ||
دوره 13، 1 (بهار و تابستان 1403- پیاپی 25)، فروردین 1403، صفحه 155-176 اصل مقاله (1.78 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/clk.2024.71627.3271 | ||
نویسنده | ||
روح الله رضایی* | ||
دانش آموخته دکتری رشته حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
سلب منافع حاصل از نقض قرارداد شیوه جبرانی نسبتاً جدید و شدیدی است که در نظامهای حقوقی مختلف در موقعیتهای خاصی از نقض قرارداد مورد حکم قرار میگیرد. بر خلاف خسارات متوقّع که بر زیان وارد بر متعهدله متمرکز است، این شیوه جبران بر نفع طرفِ ناقض مبتنی بوده و به متعهدله ناکام اجازه میدهد منافعی را که طرف ناقض از رهگذر نقض قرارداد به دست آورده مطالبه کند. با توجه به فاصله گرفتن این شیوه جبران از هدف جبرانکنندگی و نزدیک شدن به اهدافی از قبیل بازدارندگی و سزادهی، إعمال آن در موقعیتهای عادی نقض قرارداد مورد پذیرش قرار نگرفته است. این مقاله تلاش میکند با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با مطالعه تطبیقی به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که آیا عامدانه بودن نقض قرارداد میتواند حکم به این شیوه جبران استثنائی را توجیه کند؟ نقض عامدانه که شدیدترین نوع نقض است، آثار منحصربهفردی به دنبال دارد. از مهمترین آثار این پدیده حقوقی، که فرضیه این پژوهش است، این است که در موقعیتهای نقض عامدانه، دادگاه میتواند به دلیل شدّت خطاکاری ناقض، به سلب منافع حاصل از نقض حکم دهد. بررسی مقررات و رویه قضایی نظامهای حقوقی مورد مطالعه مؤیّد صدق این گزاره است. امکان حکم به خسارات سلبی در قبال نقضهای عامدانه با مبانی فقهی و حقوقی ما نیز ناسازگار بهنظر نمیرسد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
نقض قرارداد؛ تقصیر عمدی؛ خسارات سلبی؛ شیوههای جبران | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Disgorgement Damages; a Response to Willful Breach of Contract (Comparative Study in Common Law, Civil Law, Iran and Basis of Feqh) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Rouhollah Rezaei | ||
Ph.D. in Private Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Disgorgement of benefits resulting from breach of contract is a severe remedy that is awarded in different legal systems in certain situations. Unlike compensatory damages, which focus on the damage caused to the promisee, this remedy is based on the interest of the party in breach and allows the promisee to claim the benefits that the breaching party obtained through breach of contract. Due to the distance of this remedy from the compensation and closer to purposes such as deterrence and punishment, its application in normal situations of breach has not been accepted. This article tries to answer the question through descriptive-analytical method and comparative study, whether willful breach of contract can justify the award of this exceptional remedy? Willful breach of contract, which is the most severe type of breach of contract, has unique effects. One of the most important effects of this legal phenomenon, which is the hypothesis of this research, is that in cases of willful breach, the court can award the disgorgement of benefits resulting from the breach due to the seriousness of the promisor's fault. Examining the regulations and jurisprudence of the studied legal systems confirms the truth of this statement. The possibility of awarding of disgorgement of benefits for intentional breaches does not seem inconsistent with our jurisprudence and legal foundations. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Breach of Contract, Intentional Fault, Disgorgement Damages, Remedies | ||
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