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بررسی وضعیت فلزات سمی خاک و ماهیها در سواحل خلیجفارس از منظر زیستی و حقوقی (مطالعه موردی: بوشهر) | ||
فصلنامه علمی زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی | ||
دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، شهریور 1403، صفحه 53-68 اصل مقاله (1.27 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30473/eab.2024.72070.1964 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حبیبه زارع1؛ بتول گرگین2؛ فاطمه عزیززاده* 3 | ||
1گروه زیستشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
2گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
3گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این مطالعه به بررسی وضعیت فلزات سمی در خاک و ماهیهای سواحل خلیجفارس، با تمرکز بر منطقه بوشهر میپردازد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی و ارزیابی غلظت فلزات سنگین مانند سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک در نمونههای خاک و ماهیهای صیدشده از این منطقه است. با استفاده از روشهای استاندارد نمونهبرداری و آنالیز شیمیایی، دادههای لازم جمعآوری و تحلیل شدند. با توجه به مقادیر بهدستآمده از پنج ایستگاه در خاکهای سواحل خلیجفارس غلظت فلزات سنگین، فلزات منگنز، روی، کروم و نیکل بیش از سایر فلزات به چشم میخورد. همچنین با بررسی میانگین نرخ فلزات سنگین در ماهیهای سه ایستگاه خلیجفارس، غلظت فلزات آلومینیوم، روی، سرب، نیکل و مس بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص دادهاند. نتایج نشاندهنده وجود غلظتهای بالای برخی فلزات سمی در خاک و ماهیها بود که میتواند ناشی از فعالیتهای صنعتی، کشاورزی و آلودگیهای نفتی باشد. این یافتهها نگرانیهایی را در مورد سلامت اکوسیستم و ایمنی غذایی در منطقه بوشهر به وجود میآورد و ضرورت اقدامات مدیریتی و نظارتی برای کاهش آلودگی و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی را تأکید میکند. بهطور کلی، فلزات سنگین در سطح بسیار کم برای بدن سمی هستند. آلومینیوم، سرب و کادمیوم و نیکل دارای درجه سمیت بالاتری هستند، لذا، افزایش این فلزات در بافت ماهیان به بیشتر از حد مجاز با مخاطرات زیادی همراه است. مکانیسم اصلی سمیت فلزات سنگین شامل تولید رادیکالهای آزاد برای ایجاد استرس اکسیداتیو، آسیب به مولکولهای بیولوژیکی مانند آنزیمها، پروتئینها، لیپیدها، اسیدهای نوکلئیک و آسیب DNA میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آلودگی؛ خاک؛ ماهی؛ خلیجفارس؛ بوشهر | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigating the status of toxic metals in soil and fish in the coasts of the Persian Gulf from a biological and legal point of view (case study: Bushehr) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Habibe Zare1؛ Batool Gorgin2؛ Fateme Azizzadeh3 | ||
1Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Department of Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
This study examines the status of toxic metals in the soil and fish of the Persian Gulf coast, focusing on Bushehr region. The main goal of this research is to identify and evaluate the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in soil samples and fish caught from this area. Using the standard methods of sampling and chemical analysis, the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 3050B) was used as a common acid digestion method, and the necessary data were collected and analyzed. According to the values obtained from five stations on the shores of the Persian Gulf, the concentration of heavy metals, manganese, zinc, chromium and nickel is more than other metals. Also, by examining the average rate of heavy metals in the fish of three Persian Gulf stations, the concentrations of aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel, and copper are the highest. The results showed the presence of high concentrations of some toxic metals in soil and fish, which can be caused by industrial activities, agriculture and oil pollution. These findings raise concerns about ecosystem health and food safety in Bushehr region and emphasize the necessity of management and monitoring measures to reduce pollution and protect natural resources. In general, heavy metals are toxic to the body at very low levels. Aluminum, lead, cadmium, and nickel have a higher degree of toxicity, therefore, the increase of these metals in the tissue of fishes is associated with many risks. The main mechanism of heavy metal toxicity includes the production of free radicals to cause oxidative stress, damage to biological molecules such as enzymes, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and DNA damage. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Pollution, soil, fish, Persian Gulf, Bushehr. | ||
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