پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 41 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 1,153 |
| تعداد مقالات | 9,923 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 18,480,065 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 12,835,949 |
مطالعۀ پدیدارشناختی جوهر کارآفرینی عمومی | ||
| مدیریت سازمان‌های دولتی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 1، شماره 4 (پیاپی 4)، آبان 1392، صفحه 7-28 اصل مقاله (823.87 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: توصیفی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن بودلایی* 1؛ سید مهدی الوانی2؛ سید محمد اعرابی3؛ رضا واعظی3 | ||
| 1دکتری مدیریت دولتی،دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی | ||
| 2.استاد مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی | ||
| 3دانشیار مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کارآفرینی اجتماعی امری حیاتی در «تسهیل تغییرات» در بخش عمومی و درک مسائل خاص اجتماعی است.اما فهم از کارآفرینی عمومی به خاطر تسلط نظریات اقتصادی، دشوار است.پژوهش حاضر به اکتشاف و توصیف تجارب زیسته کارآفرینی عمومی پرداخته تا از این طریق به توصیف پدیدارشناختی جوهرۀ کارآفرینی عمومی نایل شود.برای این منظور، پس از آنکه تجربیات در حال ظهور توسط پژوهشگر خلق شدند، هر موضوع مشترک با توصیفات متنی خاصی از تجربیات کارآفرینان شرکت‌کننده در تحقیق، مورد استناد قرار گرفتند. خوشه‌بندی تم‌ها در هشت روایت(شایستگی‌های کارآفرینانه، روح کارآفرینانه، عوامل ساختاری، عوامل محیطی، روایت مربوط به اقدامات تشخیص، ارزیابی و بهره‌برداری از فرصت و در نهایت، روایت آثار و پیامدهای اقدامات کارآفرینانه) شکل گرفت.در انتها برای دستیابی به جوهرۀ پدیدۀ کارآفرینی، توصیفات منسجم متنی با سازه‌های عام تلفیق شدند.مجموع هشت طبقه از افقهای مربوط به متن، در درون ساختار سه مفهومی سازماندهی شده‌اند. جوهرۀ کلی کارآفرینی عمومی به این صورت است که کارآفرین عمومی به عنوان عامل انسانی پدیدۀ کارآفرینی، مجموعه اقدامات، فعالیتها و رفتارهایی(مفهوم نخست: اقدامات کارآفرینانه) را در جهت هدف و نتیجه‌ای مشخص(مفهوم سوم: آثار و پیامد فعالیت) و بر اساس مجموعه‌ای از شایستگی‌ها و روح حاکم بر فعالیت و با حمایت عوامل سازمانی، محیطی خاصی انجام می‌دهد(مفهوم دوم: توانمندسازهای کارآفرینی) به انجام می‌رسانند. پژوهش حاضر به شکل بالقوّه می‌تواند منجر به خلق قلمرو پژوهشی برای کارآفرینی اجتماعی شود که به کاهش ماهیت غیر تجمعی پژوهشهای اخیر در حوزۀ کارآفرینی اجتماعی، منجر شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کارآفرینی عمومی؛ پدیدارشناسی؛ توانمندسازها؛ آثار و پیامدهای کارآفرینی عمومی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Phenomenological Study of the Essence of General Entrepreneurship | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hasan Boodlaei1؛ Seyyed Mehdi Alvani2؛ Seyyed Mohammad Aarabi3؛ Reza Vaezi3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Social entrepreneurship is critical to "facilitate change" in the public sector and understand the particular social issues.However, due to the domination of public understanding of economic theories of entrepreneurship is difficult. This Study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of 3 grassroots social entrepreneurs Until to achieved by describing the phenomenological essence of 3 grassroots social entrepreneurs. For this purpose, after emerging experiences created by the researcher, the common thread with text descriptions of specific experiences entrepreneurs in the study were cited. Clustered in eight narrative themes (entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial spirit, structural factors, environmental factors, narrative relating to the detection, evaluation and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities, and ultimately the narrative effects) was formed. Finally, to achieve the essence of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, text descriptions of coherent structures in general were combined with a total of eight classes of horizons within the context of the three concepts are organized. This is the essence of public speaking entrepreneur entrepreneurs entrepreneurship phenomenon of people as human factors, actions, activities and behaviors (the first: entrepreneurial actions) in order to target a specific outcome (the third and the consequences of Activities) and by a set of competencies and activities sponsored by the spirit of enterprise, the environment does nothing (the second entrepreneurial enablers) to fulfill. This could potentially lead to the creation of the research field of social entrepreneurship is to reduce the non-cumulative nature of recent research in the field of social entrepreneurship, lead | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| general entrepreneurship, Phenomenology, empowerments, effects of public entrepreneurship | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
اعرابی، سید محمد و حسن بودلایی(1391)؛«طراحی یک سیستم طبقه‌بندی به مثابۀ ابزار نظم‌بخشی کارآفرینی»، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی فرایند سیاستگذاری عمومی، ش 1. شین، اسکات،(1388)، تئوری عمومی کارآفرینی، ترجمه کامبیز طالبی و همکاران، تهران، نشر تهران Alter, K. (2004). “Social Enterprise Typology”, Retrieved Feb. 5, 2006, from http://www.virtueventures.com/setypology. Alvord, S.H.; L.D. Brown& C.W. Letts (2004). “Social Entrepreneurship and Societal Transformation: An Exploratory Study”,The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), P.260-282. Austin, J.E.;H. Stevenson &J. Wei-Skillern (2006). “Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different or Both?”,Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1),P.1-22.
Bornstein, D. (2004)." How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas", New York:Oxford University Press.
Brant, K.E. (1996). "Grassroots Leadership: A Qualitative Study of Social Activism at the Very Source", Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, California. J.G. Dees (2001). The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. Retrieved January 20, 2008, from http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.pdf.
Creswell, J.W. (2005)." Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and EvaluatingQuantitative and Qualitative Research", Upper Saddle River, N.J: PrenticeHall.
Danaher, G.;B. Moriarity &P.A. Danaher (2003). “Social Entrepreneurship and Capacity Building in Linking AustralianShow People and Regional and Rural Communities”,QueenslandJournal of Educational Research, 19(2), P.59-66.
Dees, J.G. (2007). “Taking Social EntrepreneurshipSeriously”,Transaction Social Science and Modern Society,44(3), P.24-31.
Dees, J.G.(1998)."The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship", Kansas City, Mo.: Kauffman Foundation.
Dees, J.G.;J. Emerson &P. Economy (2001). “Enterprising Nonprofits“, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Drayton, W. (2006). “ Everyone a Change Maker. Social Entrepreneurship’s Ultimate Goal”,Innovations. Retrieved February 9, 2009, from http://www.ashoka.org/files/ innovations8.5x11FINAL_0.pdf.Drucker, P.1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship,New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
Fraizer, Lani (2009). “21stCentury Social Change Makers and Next Generation Social Entrepreneurs“,A Dissertation for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy, ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
Gayle, S. (1997). “Workplace Purpose and Meaning as Perceived by InformationTechnology Proposals: A Phenomenological Study“ Unpublished DoctoralDissertation, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
Grenier, P. (2002). “The Function of Social Entrepreneurship in the UK”,PaperPresented at the International Society for Third Sector Research Conference, Cape Town. Retrieved January 24, 2009, from http://www.istr.org/conferences/capetown/volume/grenier.pdf.
Gundry,Lisa,k.& kickul, Jill,R(2007), “Entrepreneurship strategy: changing Patterns in new venture creation“. Sagepublication, Inc.
Helm. Scott T.&Fredrik O. Anderson(2010). “Beyond Taxonomy an Empirical Validation of Social Entrepreneurship in the Nonprofit Sector”,Nonprofit Management& Leadership, Vol.20, No.3.
Ireland, R. Duane & W. Justin Webb (2007).“A Cross-Disciplinary Exploration of Entrepreneurship Research”,Journal of Management, Vol.33, No.6, P.891-927.
Korosec, R.L. & E.M. Berman (2006). “Municipal Support for Social“ Entrepreneurship”,Public Administration Review, 66(3), P.448-462.
Leadbeater, C. (1997). “The Rise of the Social Entrepreneurs”,London: Demos. Retrieved January 23, 2009, from http://www.demos.co.uk/files/theriseofthesocial entrepreneur.pdf
LeRoux, K.M.(2005).“What Drives Nonprofit Entrepreneurship? A Look at Budget Trends of Metro Social Service Agencies”,American Review of Public Administration, 35(4), P.350-362.
Leviner, N.; L.R. Crutchfield&D. Wells (2007). “Understanding the Impact of Social Entrepreneurs: Ashoka’s Answer to the Challenge of Measuring Effectiveness”, Retrieved March 1, 2008, from http://www.ashoka.org/sites/ashoka/files/UnderstandingtheImpactChapterPDF.pdf
Mair, J. &I. Marti (2006).“Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction, and Delight”,Journal of World Business, 41(1), P.36-44.
Massarsky, C.W. &S.L. Beinhacker (2002). “Enterprising Nonprofits: Revenue Generation in the Nonprofit Sector“, New Haven, Conn.: Yale School of Management–Goldman Sachs Foundation Partnership on Nonprofit Ventures.
McLoone, S. (2008). “State of the Union and State of Small Business”, Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://voices.washingtonpost.com/small-business/2008/01/state_of_ the_union_and_state_o_1.html
Mort, G.S.;J. Weerawardena, &K. Carnegie (2003). “Social Entrepreneurship: Towards Conceptualization”,International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), P.76-88.
Moustakas, C.E. (1994). “Phenomenological research methods“, Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.
Nobel Lecture (2006). “Muhammad Yunus: The Nobel Peace Prize 2006”, Retrieved February 13, 2009, from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/ 2006/yunus-lecture-en.html
Norris, R. (2004). “Awards and Prizes Honoring Social Entrepreneurs, Innovators and Leaders”,Palo Alto, CA: The Skoll Foundation. Retrieved November 11, 2008, from http://www.skollfoundation.org/media/skoll_docs/SkollPrizeStudy.pdf
Oyanagi, W. (2003). “Difficulties and Problems in Building Schools Based on Community Needs: A Case Study of Educational Reforms at Nara Prefecture in Japan”,Queensland Journal of Educational Research, 19(2), P.67-82. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://education.curtin.edu.au/iier/qjer/qjer19/oyanagi.html
Peredo, A.M., &M. McLean (2006). “Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review of the Concept”,Journal of World Business, 41, P.56-65.
Rapport, F.&P. Wainwright (2006). “Phenomenology as a Paradigm of Movement”,NursingInquiry,13(3), P.228-236.
Reaves, B.B. (2008). “Entrepreneurial Success: A Phenomenological Study of theCharacteristics of Successful Female Entrepreneurs“, Unpublished Dissertation,University of Phoenix.
Sarasvathy, Saras D. &Sankaran Venkataraman (2011).“Entrepreneurship as Method: Open Questions for anEntrepreneurialFuture”,Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.35, Issue 1, P.113-135.
Seidman, I. (2006). “ Interviewing as Qualitative Research “ (3rd ed.), New York, Teachers College Press.
Sen, P. (2007). “Ashoka’s Big Idea: Transforming the World through Social Entrepreneurship”,Futures, 39, P.534-553.
Sperandio, J. (2005). “Social Entrepreneurs and Educational Leadership in Bangladesh”,Current Issues in Comparative Education, 8(1), P.18-30.
Thompson, J.L. (2002). “The World of the Social Entrepreneur”,The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(5), P.412-431.
U.S. Small Business Administration (2007). “The Small Business Economy for Data Year“ 2006,Washington, DC: United
States Government Printing Office. Retrieved January 23, 2009, from http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/sb_econ2007.pdf
Vanderstoep,W.& Scott (2009). “Research Method for Every Day Life Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Approach“, by John Wiley &Sons, Inc.
Waddock, S.A. &J.E. Post (1991). “Social Entrepreneurs and Catalytic Change”,Public Administration Review, 51(5), P.393-401.
Weerawardena, J. &G.S. Mort (2006). “Investigating Social Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Model”,Journal of World Business, 41, P.21-35.
Wei-Skillern, J.; J.E. Austin, H. Leonard &H. Stevenson (2007). “ Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector“,Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Wong, L. &J. Tang (2006). “Dilemmas Confronting Social Entrepreneurs: Care Homes for Elderly People in Chinese Cities”,Pacific Affairs, 79(4), P.623-640.
Young, D.R.(1983).If Not for Profit, for What?,Lanham, Md., Lexington Books.
Yunus, M. (2003). “Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the battle Against World Poverty“. New York: PublicAffairs.
Yunus, M. (2007). “Muhammad Yunus: Creating a World without Poverty. Social Business and the Future of Capitalism“,New York: PublicAffairs. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,216 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,417 |
||