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نظام زمان- وجه- نمود در گویش هورامی پاوه | ||
| فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی زبانشناسی اجتماعی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 1، شماره 1، دی 1395، صفحه 57-74 اصل مقاله (986.48 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بیستون عباسی* 1؛ آرزو نجفیان2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری زبانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور | ||
| 2دانشیار زبانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هورامی زبانی از خانوادۀ گورانی- هورامی- زازا، از زبانهای ایرانی شاخۀ شمال غربی است. بسیاری این خانوادۀ زبانی را جزء زبانهای کردی به شمار میآورند، اما این موضوع محل اختلاف بسیار است و تفاوتهای ساختاری که میان این زبانها وجود دارد به این اختلاف دامن میزند. یکی از وجوه تفاوت این زبان با زبانهای کردی نظام غنی و پیچیدۀ زمان- وجه- نمود است، که هدف پژوهش حاضر معرفی و توصیف آن بوده است. دادههای این پژوهش به صورت پیکرهای از فایلهای صوتی و یادداشتهای آوانویسی شده، از گویشوران هنجار این زبان در شهر پاوه و در طی سالهای 1389-1392 گردآوری شدهاست. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها نشان داد که نظام زمان- وجه- نمود در هورامی (گونۀ پاوه) دارای دو زمان حال و گذشته، پنج نمود تام، ناقص استمراری، ناقص غیراستمراری، کامل و ناکامل و پنج وجه اخباری، اخباری/تأکیدی، التزامی، امری و شرطی/آرزویی است که با هم هفده مقولۀ مختلف میسازند. مشخص شد که در هورامی نمودهای تام و ناقص در کنار نمودهای کامل و ناکامل وجود دارند. از هفده برشی که هورامی در نظام زمان- وجه- نمود زده، چهار مورد در زمان حال و سیزده مورد در زمان گذشته است. علاوه بر این، مشخص شد که هورامی زبانی عمدتاً کنایی است. یازده زمان از دوازده زمانی که در تقسیمبندی زمان گذشته قرار میگیرند دارای ساخت کنایی، و دو زمان گذشته و چهار زمان حال، جمعاً شش زمان، دارای ساخت فاعلی- مفعولی هستند. ساخت کنایی در این زبان خود را با مطابقۀ مفعولی و افزودن واژهبستهای ضمیری خاص به فعل نشان میدهد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گویش هورامی پاوه؛ فعل؛ زمان؛ نمود؛ وجه؛ ساخت کنایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Hawrami dialect of Paveh, verb, tense, aspect, mood, ergative construction. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| B. Abbasi1؛ A. Najafian2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Hawrami, a member of Gurani-Hawrami-Zaza language family, is a North-Western Iranian language. Many scholars consider Hawrami as a member of Kurdish languages (or dialects) but this is a controversial issue and structural differences between Hawrami and other Kurdish dialects have deepened this controversy. One of the differences is Hawrami’s complex system of Tense-Mood-Aspect (TMA), which this study aims to describe. A corpus of sound files and transcribed notes from NORM speakers of Hawrami living in Paveh has been used for this study. Analyses showed that TMA in Hawrami verbs consists of two tenses, past and present; five aspects including perfective, progressive imperfective, non-progressive imperfective, perfect and non-perfect ones; five moods including indicative, indicative/injunctive, subjunctive, imperative and conditional/optative ones. It was also revealed that, in Hawrami, perfective and imperfective aspects exist along with perfect and non-perfect ones. These possibilities together constitute 17 different categories, four of which in present tense and 13 others in the past. Besides, we found that Hawrami is mostly an ergative language, as 11 out of 17 TMA categories of this language have ergative case marking system. Ergative system characterizes itself with object agreement and adding some special pronoun clitics to the verbs. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| The Hawrami language of Paveh, verb, tense, aspect, mood, ergative construction | ||
| مراجع | ||
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