Blended Learning and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis

[1] Abedini, S., Ebrahimi, J. and Gholizadeh, P. (2011). A meta-analysis of studies on group conflicts. Iranian Journal of Sociological Studies, 3(12), 7-22.

[2] Abdoli, S., Amir-Teimuri, M., Moradi, M. and Mehrvarz, M. (2014).Blended learning: a study of the attitudes and capabilities of Tabatabaei University’s faculty members. Iranian Journal of Educational Engineering, 2(9), 11-19.

[3] Ahmadi, G. and Nokhostin Rouhi, N. (2014). A comparison of blended learning and electronic and face-to-face approaches in a mathematics course. Iranian Journal of School Psychology, 3(2), 2-26. 

[4] Ajam, A., Jafari Tani, H., Bahram, B. and Ahanchian, M. (2013). The role of motivation and computer skills in students’ attitude toward blended learning. Iranian Journal of New Approaches to Education Management, 4(3), 63-82. 

[5] Amani, J., Khezri Azar, H., and Mahmoudi, H. (2012). An introduction to partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and its application in behavioral research. Iranian Journal of Psychology, 1(1), 41-55.

[6] Ardid, M.,Gómez-Tejedor, J. A., Meseguer-Dueñas, J. M., Riera, J., and Vidaurre, A. (2015).Online exams for blended assessment: Study of different application methodologies.Computers & Education, 81, 296-303.

[7] Arizi, H., Abedi, A., Ahmadi Forushani, H. (2013). Effectiveness of psychological interventions for test anxiety in Iran using Rosenthal and Robin’s method: a meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of School Psychology, 2(1), 99-118. 

[8] Badi’i, E. and Farajollahi, M. (2016). Effect of electronic content delivery with Gardner’s visual-spatial and motor-physical styles on blended learning outcomes. Iranian Journal of Modern Educational Ideas, 12(1), 79-95.  

[9] Banihashem, K., Rezayi, I., Badali, M. and Dana, A. (2014). Effect of blended learning on student creativity. Iranian Journal of Innovation in Humanities, 4(1), 113-128.

[10] Behnke, C. (2012). Blended learning in the culinary arts: tradition meets technology. In F. S. Glazer (Ed.), Blended learning: Across the disciplines, across the academy (pp. 13–30). Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing, LLC.

[11] Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R. F., Tamim, R. M. and Abrami, P. C. (2014). A meta-analysis of blended learning and technology use in higher education: from the general to the applied. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 26(1), 87-122.

[12] Bonk, C. J., and Graham, C. R. (2004). Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

[13] Bonk, C. J., Kim, K.and Zeng, T. (2006). Future Directions Of Blended Learning In Higher Education And Workplace Learning Settings In C. J. Bonk & C. R.Graham (Eds.). Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.

[14] Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

[15] Drysdale, J., Graham, C., Spring, K. and Halverson, L. (2013). An analysis of research trends in dissertations and theses studying blended learning. Internet and Higher Education, 17, 90-100.

[16] Dziuban, C.D., Hartman, J.L. and Moskal, P.D. (2004). Blended learning. EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research Bulletin, 7, 1-12.

[17] Fink, L. D. (2013). Creating significant learning experiences: An integrated approach to designing college courses, revised and updated. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

[18] Field, A. P. (2001). Meta-analysis of correlation coefficients: A Monte Carlocomparison of fixed- and random-effects methods. Psychological Methods, 6(2), 161-180.

[19] Garrison, D. R., and Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet and Higher Education. 7, 95-105.

[20] Garrison, D. R., and Vaughan, N. (2007). Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

[21] Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems: definition,current trends, and future directions. In Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs,edited by C. J. Bonk and C. R. Graham, pp. 3–21. SanFrancisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.

[22] Gudarzi, A. and Salari, Z. (2010). Blended learning: a novel approach for training and entrepreneurial development in organizations. Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.   

[23] Hatami, J. (2006). Meta-analysis: A Forgotten Approach in Evaluation of Course Planning Research in Iran. Tehran: SAMT.

[24] Hooman, H. (2008). A Guide to Meta-Analysis in Practical Research. Tehran: SAMT.

[25] Hosseinzadeh, M. and Fathi, R. (2013). A comparison of the effect of three blended instruction scenarios on learning and retention in elementary students. Iranian Journal of ICT in Educational Sciences, 3(3), 113-127.  

[26] Izadi, A. (2013). Blended learning: a new approach to instruction. Iranian Science & Technology Quarterly, 1(5), 191-214.

[27] Jamali, S., Abedi, A., Faramarzi, S. and Aghayi, E. (2012). Effectiveness of methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Medical Research, 13(3), 20-30.

[28] Javadi, H. and Bakhchisara, E. (2016). Blended learning: a transition from traditional and electronic approaches. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Economics, Accounting and Humanities in the Third Millennium, Tehran, Iran. 

[29] Kazempour, E. (2016). Effect of blended learning on learning outcomes and student creativity in arts and mathematics courses. Iranian Journal of Innovation in Humanities, 6(1), 73-90.

[30] Khoshkab, S. (2015). A study of faculty members’ attitudes toward the use of blended learning in higher education institutions. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Accounting in Management in the Third Millennium, Rasht, Gilan, Iran.   

[31] Khosravi, A., Rezazadeh Bahadoran, H. and Aghajani, Z. (2014). Effect of blended learning on achievement motivation and academic success of female elementary students. Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Central Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

[32] Kushania, N. and Amir-Teimuri, M. (2015). Effect of LMS-based blended learning on achievement motivation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi Institute of Science and Technology, Shiraz, Iran. 

[33] Liu, Q., Peng, W., Zhang, F., Hu, R., Li, Y. and Yan, W. (2016). The effectiveness of blended learning in health professions: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(1), e2.

[34] Lynch, R., and Dembo, M. (2004). The relationship between self-regulation and online learning in a blended learning context. The InternationalReview of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5.

[35] Mahmoudi, M., Moghadassi, F. and Rezazadeh, F. (2016). Requirements for implementing a blended learning system from the perspective of faculty members: a case of PNU. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Management Elite, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.

[36] Manian, A. and Karimi, E. (2005). Blended learning research and trends in higher education: a content analysis of the literature on blended learning. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on E-Learning, Tehran, Iran. 

[37] Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R.F. and Baki, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: a meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers College Record, 115, 1-47.

[38] Mehraban, Z. (2016). Blended learning: a flexible approach for designing an on-the-job training model for Iranian teachers in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Iranian Journal of Educational Innovations, 15(59), 57-84.

[39] Moafian, F., Noi, E. and Abbaszadeh, A. (2014). Effect on blended instruction on learning and self-efficiency of nursing students in a cardiovascular intensive care course. Iranian Journal of Nursing Education, 3(3), 42-49.

[40] Moradi Mokhles, H., Mokhtabad, M. and Rashidi, S. (2013). The effectiveness of blended learning environments with pedagogical theater. Iranian Journal of Performance Arts and Music, 26, 29-42.    

[41] Mosalinejad, L., Alipour, A., Zandi, B., Zare, H. and Shobeiri, M. (2010). A blended learning program and its psychological effects on students. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(1), 52-62. 

[42] Motamedi, A., Barghi Irani, Z. and Karimi, B. (2012). A comparison of the effect of face-to-face, computer-assisted, and blended instruction on students with dyscalculia. Iranian Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2(2), 67-100.

[43] Najafi, H. (2015). An Overview of Distance Education: Principles, Theories, and Generations. Tehran: ISBA Publishing.  

[44] Najafi, H. (2016). SCORM: a model for electronic content creation and better learning. Iranian Journal of Medical Education Strategies, 9(5), 335-350.

[45] Najafi, H. (2016). The relationship between blended learning learning quality: a case study of Payame Noor University. Iranian Journal of ICT in Educational Sceicnes, 7(4), 59-80.  

[46] Procter, C., (2003) Blended learning in practice. In Inaugural Education in a Changing Environment Conference, University of Salford, Salford.

[47] Rouhi, M., Jahanian, I., Gholinia, H. and Abbaszadeh, H. (2016). A comparative study of the effect of traditional and electronic learning on learning outcomes in an oral pathology course. Iranian Journal of Medical Education Development, 9(21), 47-52.

[48] Schober, B., Wagner, P., Reimann, R., Atria, M., and Spiel, C. (2006). Teaching researchmethods in an internet-based blended-learning setting. Methodology, 2(2), 73-82.

[49] Schneider, S.P. and Germann, C.G. (1999). Technical communication on the web: a profile of learners and learning environments. Technical Communication Quarterly, 8(1), 37-48.

[50] Stacey, E. and Gerbic, P. (2009). Effective Blended Learning Practices: Evidenced-Based Perspectives in ICT-Facilitated Education. Information Science Reference. Hershey, PA.

[51] UNESCO (2002). Open and Distance Learning: Trends, Policy and Strategy Considerations. Paris: UNESCO.

[52] VanDerLinden, K. (2014). Blended learning as transformational institutional learning. New Directions for Higher Education, 165, 75-85.

[53] Watson, J. (2008). Blended learning: The convergence of online and face-to-face education. NorthAmerican Council for Online Learning. Vienna, VA. Retrieved fromhttp://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED509636.pdf

[54] Wilson, D., and Smilanich, E. (2005).The Other Blended Learning. A Classroom-Centered Approach. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.

[55] Wu, J. and Liu, W. (2013). An empirical investigation of the critical factors affecting students’ satisfaction in EFL blended learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(1), 176-185.

[56] Yang, Y. and Cornelius, L. F. (2004). Students’ perceptions towards the quality of online education: a qualitative approach. Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 27, 861-877.

[57] Zarei, E. and Toofannejad, E. (2011). Blended learning: a new approach to education. Iranian Journal of Higher Education, 4(14), 71-87.

[58] Zeraati, M., Zakipour, M. and Aghabararian, N. (2015). Comparing the effect of lecture-based and web-based instruction on academic achievement. Iranian Quarterly of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 8(4), 216-222. 

[59] Zolfaghari, M., Negarandeh, R. and Ahmadi, F. (2010). Effectiveness of blended learning in nursery and midwifery programs: a case of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 10(4), 398-409.