A Novel Optode for Vanadium Speciation: Sol–Gel Based Optical Sensor for Vanadium Determination

[1]     Z. Chen, and L.G.Owens, Trends in speciation analysis of vanadium in environmental samples and biological fluids—a review, Anal. Chim. Acta 607 (2008) 1–14.

[2]     A.L. Rosen, and G.M. Hieftje, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray mass spectrometry for speciation analysis: applications and instrumentation, Spectrochim. Acta (B) 59 (2004) 135–146.

[3]     K.T.G. Naeemullah, and M.Tuzen, Magnetic stirrer induced dispersive ionic-liquid microextraction for the determination of vanadium in water and food samples prior to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Food Chem. 172 (2015) 161–165.

[4]     S.K. Wadhwa, M. Tuzen, T.G. Kazi, and M. Soylak, Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric detection of vanadium in water and food samples after solid phase extraction on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Talanta 116 (2013) 205–209.

[5]     K.G. Fernandes, A.R.A. Nogueira, J.A.G. Neto, and J.A. Nóbrega, Determination of vanadium in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using hot injection and preconcentration into the graphite tube‏, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 15(2004) 676–690.

[6]      A.R. Khan, D.C. Crans, R. Pauliukaite, and E. Norkus, Spectrometric and electrochemical investigation of vanadium(V) and vanadium(IV) tartrate complexes in solution, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 17 (2006) 895–903.

[7]     K. Pyrzynska, and T. Wierzbicki, Determination of vanadium species in environmental samples, Talanta  64 (2004) 823–829.

[8]     H. Tavallali, and G. Hosseini, Colorimetric “naked eye” sensing of anions in aqueous solution, Am. Lab. 25 (2002) 40–47.

[9]     D. Wang, and S.A.S. Wilhelmy, Development of an analytical protocol for the determination of V(IV) and V(V) in seawater: Application to coastal environments, Mar. Chem. 112 (2008) 72–80.

[10] M.J.C. Taylor, and J.F.V. Staden, Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) in oeach ther's presence. Review, Analyst  119 (1994) 1263–1276.

[11] L. Friberg, G.R. Nordberg, and V.B. Vouk, Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals; Elsevier-North Holland Biomedical Press: Amsterdam, (1979).

[12] Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants; Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants, Vanadium, National Academy of Sciences: Washington, D.C., (1974).

[13] M.D. Waters, R.A. Goyer, M.A. Mehlma, Advances in Modern Toxicology, Toxicology of Trace Elements; Wiley: New York, (1977).

[14] D.J.A. Davies, B.G. Bennett, Exposure Commitment Assessments of Environmental Pollutants; University of London Monitoring Assessment and Research Centre: London, (1983).

[15] J. Kameník, K. Dragounova, J. Kucera, Z. Bryknar, V.A. Trepakov, V. Strunga, Determination of vanadium in titanate-based ferroelectrics by INAA with discriminating gamma-ray spectrometry, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 311 (2017) 1333–1338.

[16] M. Hou, and J. Na, Determination of vanadium(V) with CdTe quantum dots as  fluorescent probes, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 397 (2010)  3589–3593.

[17] C. Rojas-Romo, V. Arancibia, D. Moreno-daCosta, and R.A. Tapia, Highly sensitive determination of vanadium(V) by catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Substituent effect on sensitivity III, Sens. Actuators (B), 224 (2016) 772–779.

[18] T.S.M. Tengku Azmi, A.R.M. Yusoff, and K.J. Abdul Karim, Determination of vanadium (IV) and vanadium(V) in Benfield samples by IEC with conductivity detection, Chromatographia 72 (2010) 141–144.

[19] R.Q. Aucelio, A. Doyle, B.S. Pizzorno, M.L.B. Tristao, and R.C. Campos, Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of vanadium in diesel and asphaltene prepared as detergentless microemulsions, Microchem. J. 78 (2004) 21–26.

[20] S.L.C. Ferreira, A.S. Queiroz, M.S. Fernandes, and H.C. Dos Santos, Application of factorial designs and Doehlert matrix in optimization of experimental variables associated with the preconcentration and determination of vanadium and copper in seawater by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta (B) 57 (2002) 1939–1950.

[21] M.A. Gab-Allah, and A.B. Shehata, Determination of iron, nickel, and vanadium in crude oil by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry following microwave-assisted wet digestion, Chem. Pap. (2021) In Press, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01633-8.

[22] W. Zhang, Z. Zhuo, P. Lu, T. Sun, W. Sun, and J. Lu, Determination of vanadium, iron, and nickel in petroleum coke by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectrochim. Acta (B) 177 (2021) 106076.

[23]  Y. Wang, and I.D. Brindle, Ultra-trace determination of vanadium in lake sediments: a performance comparison using O₂, N₂O, and NH₃ as reaction gases in ICP-DRC-MS, J. Anal. At. Spect. 26 (2011) 1514–1520.

[24] K. Pyrzyńska, Recent developments in spectrophotometric methods for determination of vanadium, Microchim. Acta 149 (2005) 159–164.

[25] M.M.Bordbar, H. Khajehsharifi, and A. Solhjoo, PC-ANN assisted to the determination of Vanadium (IV) ion using an optical sensor based on immobilization of Eriochorome Cyanine R on a triacetylcellulose film, Spectrochim. Acta (A) 151 (2015) 225–231.

[26] A.A. Mohamed, A.T. Mubarak, K.F. Fawy, and M.F. El-Shahat, Highly sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric determination of vanadium based on the oxidation of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid with bromate. Mon. für Chem. 143 (2012) 527–534.

[27] K.F. Fawy, A.I. Al-Sayed, and A.M. Idris, Developing an ultra-sensitive catalytic spectrophotometric method for vanadium determination in virgin and used lubricating oils, Petr. Chem. 61 (2021) 220–230.

[28] S.B. Mathew, G. Pataila, A.K. Pillai, and V.K. Gupta, Direct and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of vanadium in steel, environmental and biological samples, Spectrochim. Acta (A) 81 (2011) 774–777.

[29] Y. Takagai, H. Yamaguchi, T. Kubota, and S. Igarashi, Selective visual determination of vanadium(V) ion in highly acidic solution using desferrioxamine B immobilization cellulose, Chem. Lett. 36 (2006) 136–137.

[30] G.M. Mastoi, M.Y. Khuhawar, and R.B. Bozdar, Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in crude oil, J. Quant. Spect. Rad. Trans. 102 (2006) 236–240.

[31] A. Sao, A. Pillai, and V. Gupta, Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium using rhodamine-B, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 83 (2006) 400–402.

[32] T.N. Kiran Kumar, and H.D. Revanasiddappa, Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium using variamine blue and its application to synthetic, environmental and biological samples, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 2 (2005)  161–167.

[33] V. Srilalitha, A.R.G. Prasad, V. Seshagiri, and L. Ravindranath, Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of vanadium(V) using salicylaldehyde acetoacetic acid hydrazone. Applications Analele Universitatii din Bucuresti Chimie. 1 (2010) 69–76.

[34] K. Oguma, O. Yoshioka, J. Noro, and H. Sakurai, Simultaneous determination of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) by flow injection analysis using kinetic spectrophotometry with xylenol orange, Talanta 96 (2012) 44–49.

[35] T.S-Bahchevanska, N. Milcheva, S. Zaruba, V. Andruch, V. Delchev, K. Simitchiev, and K. Gavazov, A green cloud-point extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium determination, J. Mol. Liq. 248 (2017) 135–142.

[36] H. Filik, and Z. Yanaz, A sensitive method for determining total vanadium in water samples using colorimetric-solid-phase extraction-fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy, J. Hazard. Mat. 172 (2009) 1297–1302.

[37]  A.P. Santos, and V.A. Lemos, Determination of vanadium levels in seafood using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and optical sensors. Water Air Soil Pollut. 226 (2015) 60–67.

[38] N.P. Milcheva, F. Genc, P.V. Racheva, V.B. Delchev, V. Andruch, and K.B. Gavazov, An environmentally friendly cloud point extraction–spectrophoto-metric determination of trace vanadium using a novel reagent, J. Mol. Liq. 334 (2021) 1160-86.

[39] S. Nunes, M.G.A. Korn, and V.A. Lemos, A novel direct-immersion single-drop microextraction combined with digital colorimetry applied to the determination of vanadium in water Leane, Talanta 224 (2021) 1218-93.

[40] S. Rastegarzadeh, and V. Rezaei,  An optical sensor for zinc determination based on Zincon as sensing reagent, Sen. Actuators (B) 129 (2008) 327–331.

[41] S. Rastegarzadeh, and V. Rezaei, A Silver optical sensor based on 5(p-dimethylamino benzylidene) rhodanine immobilized on a triacetylcellulose membrane, J. Anal. Chem. 63 (2008) 897–901.

[42] P.C.A. Jeronimo, A.N. Araujo, M. Conceic, and B.S.M. Montenegro, Optical sensors and biosensors based on sol–gel films, Talanta 72 (2007) 13–27.

[43] C. McDonagh, C.S. Burke, and B.D. MacCraith, Optical chemical sensors, Chem. Rev. 108 (2008) 400–422.

[44] H.G. Floch, and P.F. Belleville, A scratch-resistant single-layer antireflective coating by a low temperature sol-gel route, J. Sol–Gel Sci. Technol. 1 (1994) 293–304.

[45] B.D. MacCraith, C.M. McDonagh, G. OKecffe, E.T. Keyes, J.G. Vos, B. OKelly, and J.F. McGilp, Fiber optic oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching of evanescent-wave excited ruthenium complexes in sol-gel derived porous coatings, Analyst 118 (1993)  385–388.

[46] R.A. Doong, and H.C. Tsai, Immobilization and characterization of sol–gel-encapsulated acetylcholinesterase fiber-optic biosensor‏, Anal. Chim. Acta 434 (2001) 239–246.

[47] D. Avnir, D. Levy, and R. Reisfield, The nature of the silica cage as reflected by spectral changes and enhanced photostability of trapped Rhodamine 6G, J. Phys. Chem. 88 (1984) 5956–5959.

[48] C. McDonagh, F. Sheridan, T. Butler, and B.D. MacCraith, Characterisation of sol-gel-derived silica films‏, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 194 (1996) 72–77.

[49] Y. Tang, E.C. Tehan, Z, Tao, and F.V. Bright, Sol−gel-derived sensor materials that yield linear calibration plots, high sensitivity, and long-term stability, Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 2407–2413.

[50] A.S. Amin, T.Y. Mohammed, and A.A. Mousa, Spectrophotometric studies and applications for the determination of yttrium in pure and in nickel base alloys, Spectrochim. Acta (A) 59 (2003) 2577–2584.

[51] A.S. Amin, and M.Y. Nassar, Cloud-point extraction for preconcentration and platinum determination using spectrophotometry in environmental samples, Anal. Chem. Lett. 7 (2017) 128–141.

[52] A.I. Vogel, A Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 5^th edn.; Longman: London, (1979).

[53] J.M. Bosque-Sendra, M.C. Valencia, and S. Boudra, Speciation of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) with Eriochrome Cyanine R in natural waters by solid phase spectrophotometry, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 360 (1998) 31–37.

[54] A.P. Kumar, P.R. Reddy, and V.K. Reddy, A rapid, simple, and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of traces of vanadium(V) in foodstuffs, alloy steels, and pharmaceutical, water, soil, and urine samples, Anal. Lett. 41 (2008) 1022–1037.

[55] B.R. Reddy, P. Radhika, J.R. Kumar, D.N. Priya, and K. Rajgopal, Extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt(II) in synthetic and pharmaceutical samples using Cyanex 923, Anal. Sci. 20 (2004) 345–349.

[56] R.O. Molatlhegi, M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Natural Sciences. Tshwane University of Technology, (2005).

[57] M. Swetha, R.P. Raveendra, R.V. Krishna, Direct derivative spectrophoto-metric determination of micro amounts of Vanadium(V) by 5-bromo salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (5-BrSAINH), Inter. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 5 (2013) 2322–2328.

[58] B. Lokeshappa, S. Kandarp, T. Vivek, and K.D. Anil, Assessment of toxic metals in agricultural products, Food and Public Health 2 (2012) 24–29.

[59] A.S. Amin, M.A. Kassem, and T.Y. Mohammed, Utilization of cloud-point extraction for colorimetric determination of trace amounts of thorium(IV) in real samples, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 52095–52100.

[60] A.S. Amin, Application of a triacetylcellulose membrane with immobilized of 5-(2‘,4‘-dimethylphenylazo)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-dione for mercury determination in real samples, Sens. Actuators (B), 221 (2015)  1342–1347.

[61] A. Abbaspour, and R. Mirzajani, Application of spectral β-correction method and partial least squares for simultaneous determination of V(IV) and V(V) in surfactant media, Spectrochim. Acta (A) 64 (2006) 646–652.

[62] N. Agnihotri, R. Dass, and J.R. Mehta, 3-Hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)-4H-chromen-4-one as an analytical reagent for spectrophotometric determination of vanadium (V)‏, J. Indian. Chem. Soc. 75 (1998) 514–515.

[63] H. Tavallali, R. and Nejabatm, Developing fast and facile method for speciation analysis of vanadium(V/IV) ions with calmagite immobilization on triacetyl cellulose membrane in water samples,  J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 26 (2015)  592–599.

[64] M.A. Alk, A.A. El-Asmy, and W.M. Yossef, Separation via flotation, spectrophotometric speciation, and determination of vanadium (IV) in wastes of power stations. Anal. Sci.  21 (2005) 1325–1335.

[65] IUPAC Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis—I. General atomic emission spectroscopy Analytical chemistry division, Spectrochim. Acta (B) 3 (1978) 241–245.

[66] J.N. Miller, and J.C. Miller, Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry, 5^th edn, Prentice-Hall, England, (2005).